Free essays on chemistry are educational resources that allow individuals to learn more about the science of chemistry at no cost. These essays cover a wide range of topics, from basic concepts in chemistry to more complex scientific theories and experiments. They provide insights into the chemical properties of various elements and compounds, the history of chemistry and its contributions to society, and the latest developments in this field. By reading these essays, students can deepen their understanding of chemistry and gain valuable knowledge that can help them in their academic and professional pursuits.
Target identification and feature integration theory
The effect of distractors on target identification was studied using 118 participants, from Warwick University. The experiment was based on work done by Treisman and Gelade (1980), who developed the feature integration theory. Each participant completed a visual search computer program consisting of three conditions. As well as these conditions as a factor there was also the varying display sizes such as 4, 8 and 16, and with the target being either present or absent in the trials. The mean…...
ExperimentHuman NatureNervous System
ABBA design attention theory study
Based on Treisman's attention theory and his attenuator experiment which claims that all messages reach the selective filter where one message is selected to pay attention to. Treisman, a colleague of Broadbent thought that all other messages which reach the selected filter are not blocked out but are instead turned down, known as attenuated. Within my experiment I hoped to find out whether it takes longer to complete a card sorting task with distracting noise than in silence. I predicted that…...
EthicsExperimentLearningStudy
Does Our Radioactive Modeling With Coins Illustrate Radioactive Decay?
I believe that it is possible to illustrate radioactive decay by trying to model it using coins. Radioactive decay is a random process and is not affected by external conditions. This means that there is no way of knowing whether or not a nucleus is going to decay within a certain period of time. However, due to the large numbers of atoms involved we can make some accurate predictions. For example, if we start with a given number of atoms…...
ExperimentScientific Method
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IB Physics HL Lab Report on Projectiles
Even if the actual measured results differ sensibly from the hypothetical values, we can clearly see that an inclination of 45 degrees generates a much longer distance travelled horizontally. During our experiment, water pressure was not constant and there could have been some fluctuations due to wind variation. Those uncertainties must be taken into consideration. Conclusion and Evaluation Our mathematical proof and hypothesis were right that in parabolic motion, 45 degrees offers the greatest horizontal distance travelled. The values recorded…...
EducationExperimentHypothesisLearningPhysicsPressure
Stratospheric Chemistry Data Collection Methods
The troposphere extends from 12km - 50km above the Earth's surface. Ozone is present from 15km - 35km. Many different techniques are used to investigate the stratosphere. Monitoring Measurements can be taken using the helium balloons. A 10 miles long cord is used to attach the balloon and the measuring device which can be reeled in and out to take measurements at different altitudes. Spectroscopic measurements can also be taken from the ground stations by looking upwards through the vertical…...
AtmosphereChemistryMaterialsOzoneOzone Layer
Latent Heat of Vaporization of Water
Uncertainty in measuring time was ±0. 01s according to the stopwatch but while measuring mass you have to first look at the time in stopwatch and then the mass in the electronic balance and because humans cannot react instantly it is estimated to be ±1s. Uncertainty in measuring mass of the water was ±0. 1g because it was measured using a weighing machine with the ±0. 1g uncertainty. The graph of mass of water evaporated over time is linear because…...
CommunicationEvaporationHeatNatureWater
Strength of an Uncooked Spaghetti
Aim: To investigate and determine the relationship between the length of uncooked spaghetti and the load applied to it reaching its [uncooked spaghetti's] breaking point. General background: Regular wheat pastas i.e. pastas that need cooking for consumption can be made simply by mixing wheat flour with water, then extruding into pasta shapes and drying. The resulting pasta has good strength, with good cooked firmness and low cooking losses. The strength of an object can be affected by various factors, such as: size,…...
ExperimentWater
Contrast Moralist and Causalist approaches to the Ethics of Torture
Torture can be traditionally defined as the imposition of physical suffering upon others through violence, for various reasons usually pertaining to the extraction of information or confession of guilt, but possibly simply for the pleasure of being cruel1 Torture is more commonly known and used as a tool of power2. Torture in most cultures is prohibited as no human deserves the pain and punishment associated; each philosophy though as a different analysis of torture and to what extent torture can…...
ContrastEthicsLifePhilosophyScienceSocial Issues
Sodium Borohydride Reduction: Diphenylmethanol from Benzophenone
Megan Entwistle, Maria Amos, and Paul Golubic CHEM 0330 Organic Lab 1 Sodium Borohydride Reduction: Diphenylmethanol from Benzophenone 11/16/11 Introduction Redox (shorthand for REDuction-OXidation) reactions are chemical reactions in which the oxidation state (or oxidation number) of atoms has changed. Oxidation can be observed through the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by an atom, ion or molecule. Reduction describes the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state of an atom, ion or molecule. However, there…...
AlcoholChemical ReactionChemistryHydrogenMaterials
The Red Room and The Monkey’s Paw Compare and Contrast
H.G.Wells is very well known for the science fiction books that he wrote. With his first novel "The Time Machine" which became was immediately successful he began to write a series of science fiction novels that revealed him as a writer of many ideas and a strong sense of imagination. In his lifetime he has been a novelist, journalist and historian. W.W.Jacobs was an English short story writer best known for his classic horror story "The Monkey's Paw" which was…...
ContrastGhostReasonThe Monkey'S Paw
The Seduction by Eileen McAuley vs “Cousin Kate” by Christina Rossetti
In my essay I will be comparing two narrative poems: "The Seduction" by Eileen McAuley and "Cousin Kate" by Christina Rossetti. The poems are two contrasting views of love, although they share similar themes and both present a women's perspective of love from a personal viewpoint. I will also be analysing their differences and similarities in devices, structure and story. "The Seduction" was set, next to a river, in 1980's Merseyside which is near Liverpool, and tells the story of…...
ContrastLiteraturePoems
Thermal insulators
To investigate different materials for the most effective thermal insulator for a house. Introduction Heat transfer is the gain and loss of energy. There are three ways in which thermal energy can be transferred: Conduction Convection Radiation Conduction - this is when energy travels from molecule to another. When one molecule receives energy it begins to vibrate and hits other molecules and makes them vibrate. And will spread throughout the object. Convection - this will only occur in gases and…...
ChemistryHeatMaterialsPhysicsThermodynamics
Comparing Marvell and Ewart’s poems
'To His Coy Mistress' was written by a poet called Andrew Marvell who was born on the 31st March 1621. He was a Cambridge-educated priest, poet and a Member of Parliament. The poem was written in the year 1652. The theme of the poem is love and its passionate beginnings. The genre of the poem is 'carpe diem' which is Latin for 'seize the day' or 'get the most out of life'. Carpe diem was used effectively by Horace; therefore…...
Andrew MarvellContrastPoetryTo His Coy Mistress
Chromatography and Solvents
Chromatography is a method of separating compounds and mixtures so that they can be identified and analyzed. The word chromatography means color writing. There are many kinds of chromatography such as the thin layer chromatography, Partition chromatography, Column chromatography, and Paper chromatography. Chromatography is important in the analysis of processes and materials such as environmental contamination, food, drugs, blood, petroleum products, and radioactive fission products. It has many uses in the rapidly evolving biotechnology industry. The chromatography sorbents help purify…...
ChemistryHydrogenMaterialsWater
Waste Management Essay
IntroductionBackground of the StudyRA 9003. otherwise known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. ” authorizations that segregation and aggregation of solid waste at beginning shall be conducted at the barangay degree specifically for biodegradable. compostable and reclaimable wastes. and that the several metropoliss and municipalities shall advance enterprises in the community to set about waste segregation and aggregation at beginning pursuant to the spirit of the jurisprudence. Complementing this proviso. the jurisprudence mandates that “collection of non-recyclable…...
ManagementManufacturingMaterialsNatural EnvironmentPollutionWaste
Max Dupain created a black and white photograph titled Eggs
Max Dupain focuses intensely on the establishing the perfect lighting technique to create the right mood and texture that the eggs appear to possess. Using the shy but strong light source he highlights the egg's fragility and delicacy. He has also used high contrasts of black and white to better differentiate the diverse, opposing colours and tones, generally, the blacks and the whites. Dupain positions the eggs in a way to create a patterned shadow to reveal more of the…...
Color
Contrast the priorities of the northern and southern Renaissance
The renaissance was a period in European cultural history that began in Italy around 1400 and lasted there until the end of the 16th century. It flourished later elsewhere in Europe and lasted until the 17th century. The Renaissance brought an all around change in the way people thought and in their beliefs. People began to discover the world and discover themselves as individuals. The world was beginning to change, technology progressed, and art and music became liberated. The Renaissance…...
ContrastHistoryLifeMedieval EuropeRenaissance
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF INDICA RICE BPT5204 WITH CRY1Aa3 GENE
IntroductionIt is indispensable that we better our nutrient production and distribution in order to feed and maintain a turning universe population free from hungriness, while at the same clip cut downing the environmental impacts of high populations and bettering the quality life for most worlds. This will necessitate continued development and responsible use of scientific finds and new engineerings. With the increasing demand of harvest manufacturers for new high giving up cultivars and the demand of consumers for agricultural merchandises,…...
BiotechnologyChemistryDnaGenetic EngineeringGeneticsRice
Contrast Sensitivity Measurements
The following example essay on "Contrast Sensitivity Measurements" talks about an experiment that would help was to find if comparable contrast sensitiveness measurements could be taken utilizing different psychophysical methods. Introduction Contrast Sensitivity is defined as the ability of the oculus to observe luminosity contrast " . ( Millodot, M, 2009 ) It is of import as it makes objects stand out from one another. Contrast Sensitivity proving provides a better apprehension of the patients public presentation of real-world undertakings…...
ContrastLightNervous SystemVision
Process and How Electroplating Works
It basically explains what electroplating is and what its function is in the process of electroplating. A section from this website gives detail parts of how electroplating works: "Electroplating is the deposition of a metallic coating onto an object by putting a negative charge onto the object and immersing it into a solution, which contains a salt of the metal to be deposited. The metallic ions of the salt carry a positive charge and are attracted to the part with…...
ChemistryElectricityIndustryMaterialsWork
The Chemistry Lab Experiment
To find the molarity of the unknown acid, first we had to create a standard solution, the solution we created was Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). We wanted a 0. 1 molar solution of sodium hydroxide so to get this we had to dissolve 4g of NaOH into 1000cm? of water, but we didn’t want 1000cm? we wanted 250cm? so to work out how much sodium hydroxide would be needed you need to do the same equation to the number of grams…...
ChemistryConcentrationSodiumTitrationWater
Uses and applications of Graphene Paper
Uses & A ; Applications of Graphene Paper Abstraction Graphene oxide paper was ab initio separated in 2004 via scientists in the North Western University. It is a sort of paper that is ready from Graphite by oxidization responses. It is 10 times stronger than steel, more slender and tantrum to take power and these belongingss have made graphene paper a miracle stuff. This quality of graphene paper relies on upon the sum of cross-connections between C beds. Now research…...
ChemistryMaterials
Furagin: Forced Degradation Studies
Furagin: Forced Degradation SurveiesIndexIndex of FiguresIndex of TablesAbstractionKeywordsAbbreviations1.Introduction1.1.Forced debasement surveies1.1.1. Overview of regulative counsel1.1.2. Review of bing literature and different attacks1.2.Furagin1.2.1. Chemical and Physical Information1.2.2. Pharmaceutical Information1.2.3. Impurities2.Aim of the Study3.Method3.1.Equipment and stuffs3.1.1 Method AHPLC/AUPLC3.1.2 Method B3.2.Reagents3.2.1 Method AHPLC/AUPLC3.2.2 Method B3.3.Working criterions3.3.1 Method AHPLC/AUPLC3.3.2 Method B3.4.Preparation of the solutions3.4.1 Method AHPLC/AUPLC3.4.2 Method B3.5.Chromatographic conditions3.5.1 HPLC conditions – Method AHPLC3.5.2 UPLC conditions – Method AUPLC3.5.3 UPLC conditions – Method B3.6.Injection Sequence and System Suitability3.7.Calculation and look of the consequences3.7.1 Method standardization3.7.2…...
Chemical ReactionChemistryPhPharmaceutical IndustryWater
Guyana Solid Waste Management
1.0 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background As a underdeveloped state, Guyana is faced with the basic job of solid waste direction. Harmonizing to Gonzalez ( 2009 ) [ 1 ] “solid waste” refers to all decayable and non decayable solid and semisolid wastes, including but non limited to garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes, slop, destruction and building wastes, abandoned vehicles or parts thereof, and discarded trade goods. This includes all liquid, solid and semisolid stuffs which are non the primary…...
AgricultureExperimentManagementMaterialsSustainabilityWaste
Compared to the original Daniell Cell
By completing and testing this hypothesis our group believes that it will factor in the aim of increasing the voltage and current of our Daniell Cell. Hypothesis 2 According to the Standard Reduction Potentials for Half-Reactions table, our group hypothesises that by changing the half cells so that their E0 values are a greater distance apart that the voltage and current will show an increase and improve the Daniell Cell. The general make up of a Daniell Cell is two…...
BiologyCellChemistryElectricityMaterials
Comparing and contrasting Anthem for doomed youth and Attack
We have been studying two poems, the "Anthem For Doomed Youth" by Wilfred Owen, and "Attack" by Seigfried Sassoon. These poems are both anti war poems and were written during the time of the First World War. Owen's poem is about the lack of appropriate burials and respect to the dead soldiers. The other poem, Attack, is a narrative about an attack on the British soldiers. In some ways the poems are very similar. As I mentioned before both are…...
ContrastPoetrySonnetWilfred Owen
Jared Diamond versus Charles Mann on the Sophistication of Metalwork
Jared Diamond's theory in his book Guns, Germs and Steel states that the Europeans were able to conquer the Natives because of their favorable geography, a key factor that lent itself to the manufacturing of steel and which Charles Mann, author of 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, also discusses in detail.Both Diamond and Mann agree that the centuries of experience in making steel weaponry in Eurasia gave the Spanish conquistadors an advantage over the Natives in combat;…...
ChemistryCultureMaterialsWeapon
Retort stand and clamp
In reference to the safety aspect, the radiation source is kept inside a lead block, inside a wooden box, inside another wooden block, tongues are present for the movement of the source so it never directly handled. The sources themselves are in holders, which channel the radioactive output in one direction alone. However as I am working with Gamma radiation this is slightly irrelevant. Also the rad-count dector will be placed in a clamp, to ensure it's constant position. The…...
ChemistryExperimentLightPhysics
Experiement to test for anions and cations
The aim of the experiment is to test an unknown substance with a variety of experimental methods, by doing this the identity of the substance will be known. The two types of different testing methods will be anions and cations. Cations are positively charged ions; this is because the atom looses an electron during a reaction, therefore having fewer electrons than protons. Anions are negatively charged ions, as the atom gains an electron during a reaction, therefore having more electrons…...
CatChemical ReactionChemistryFamilyMaterials
X-Ray Interactions With Matter
The following sample essay on X-ray interactions with matter This document presents the interactions of x-ray with matter. It talks about the five types of x-ray interactions with matter, photoelectric absorption, compton scattering, pair production, coherent interaction, and photodisintegration. Each of this x-ray interactions are discussed in a manner that it can be understood by the general public. This document also dwells on the various exposure factors involve in radiography. It also provides a brief discussion of the attenuation that…...
ChemistryPhysicsQuantum Mechanics
Gun Powder Essa
Gunpowder (a. k. a black powder) is a mixture of sulphur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. Gunpowder is a compound that can be made just using potassium nitrate and charcoal, but without the sulphur, the powder is not as strong as with the sulphur. It burns rapidly, producing a volume of hot gas that is made up of carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen, and a solid residue of potassium sulfide. Because of its burning rate and properties and the amount of…...
ChemistryMaterials
Partition Coefficient of Ethanoic Acid: Water vs Butan-2-Ol
To determination the partition coefficient of ethanoic acid between water and butan-2-ol. Procedure 1. The room temperature was recorded. 2. 15cm3 of the given aqueous ethanoic acid and 15cm3 of butan-2-ol were poured into a 100cm3 separating funnel, using suitable apparatus. The funnel was stoppered and was shook vigorously for 1 to 2 minutes. (The pressure in the funnel was released by occasionally opening the tap. ) 3. 10cm3 of each layer was separated approximately. (The fraction near the junction…...
ChemistryMaterialsPhysicsTitration
Smart Textile Classification and Application
Smart textiles is the modification of fibers, fabrics and special articals which is produceing day by day in different way and different techniques. Many intelligent textiles already feature in advanced types of clothing, principally for protection and safety and for added fashion or convenience. Smart materials or textiles can be defined as the materials and structures which have sense or can sense the environmental conditions or stimuli, whereas intelligent textiles can be defined as textile structures which not only can…...
ClothingConstructionMaterials
Calcium Carbonate and Ca2+ Ions
Experiment. EDTA Titration of Ca2+ in an unknown solution Experiment. EDTA Titration of Ca2+ in an unknown water sample Modified 9/2012 Objective: The most common multivalent metal ions in natural waters are Ca2+ and Mg2+. In this experiment, you will find the total concentration of calcium ions that can react with EDTA with the assumptions that EDTA reacts 1:1 with metal (Ca2+) ions. Equipment 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask (3) 50-mL Buret Ring-stand and hardware Desiccator 400-mL Beaker 500-mL Vol. flask 250-mL…...
ChemistryMaterialsTitrationWater
Effect of Concentration on the Rate of Reaction
In this experiment, we utilized the ability for the iodide ion to become oxidized by the persulphate ion. Our general reaction can be described as: (NH4)2S2O8 + 2KI A I2 + (NH4)2SO4 + K2SO4 (1a) However, we know that in an aqueous solution, all of these compounds except iodine will dissociate into their ionic components. Thus we can rewrite the equation in a more convenient manner: S2O82- + 2I- A I2 + 2SO42- (1b) It is important however to note…...
Chemical ReactionChemistryExperiment
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