Free essays on philosophical theories are scholarly works that explore various philosophical concepts, ideas, and principles. These essays provide insights into different theories and philosophical ideas, and they are intended to help readers gain a better understanding of the philosophical concepts discussed. These essays may focus on topics such as morality, ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, and logic, among others. They are written by experts in the field and are free to access, providing an excellent resource for students, academics, and anyone interested in exploring philosophical theories.
Confucius Essay
They have distinctly different beliefs. Confucianism was developed by a Chinese philosopher named K¶Eng FјUzi (551- 479 BCC), also known as Confucius. He was a knowledgeable man who thought about how people should live, how righteousness (Lie) can be achieved and how the society or government should be structured. The Analects of Confucius explains how men can become a gentlemen. If a man follows the rules of Confucius and completes all his duties of his status, he could influence others…...
ConfucianismConfuciusCultureHan ChinesePhilosophersPhilosophical Theories
Humanity Concept Short Explanation
The theories proposed by various psychologists are seen in the light of their concept of humanity. If I were to propose a theory, it would be characterized by my concept of humanity as one with free choice, optimism, driven by expectations of the future (Teleology), conscious thought, social relationships & environment and the uniqueness of each human being. 1. Determinism vs… Free Choice My view on the nature of human nature would fall on free choice. There are Indeed forces…...
Character TraitsHumanityMetaphysicsPersonalityPhilosophical Theories
Descartes Illusion Argument
He raises arguments pertaining the unreliability of his senses, meaning he can on lay trust what has never deceived and, therefore, must raise even the slightest doubt in every as etc of his mind and his perception of outside world. Regardless of what actually exists, Descartes’ knows his mind thinks and therefore his mind must exist. In Descartes’ first meditation, he argues what can be called into doubt, could potentially be nonexistent for his senses has deceived him multiple times…...
CultureDoubtEpistemologyMetaphysicsPhilosophical Theories
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Fallacious Arguments
Arrest everybodyNameProfessorInstitutionCourseThe fallacy is the invalid use of faulty reasoning with wrong motives in the making of an argument. A fallacious argument could deceptive as it may appear to be better than it really is. In the excerpt of Jacob Sullum, Arrest everybody, we are told the story of David and Jessica Rodriguez and how they are arrested just after accidentally diverting to a road which was closed. In this essay, I am going to discuss and expound on the…...
CommunicationFallacy
Discerning the message of the film American Beauty without best
The following sample essay on Discerning the message of the film American Beauty without best tells about American Dream. Discerning the message of the film American Beauty without considering its critique of the illusory American Dream is impossible. On the surface, the film appears to be another cliched tale of liberation through nonconformity of cartoonishly written characters. Evidently, this seemingly basic storyline and flawed caricatures, were purposely created by director Sam Mendes to convey the futility of the American Dream…...
AmericaBeautyCountryDreamExistenceLife
History Project
HistorySBA Task 2King Edward VII SchoolNAME AND SURNAME : THEMBA NKOSIHOUSE: CROFT 5TEACHER : MR ErasmusDATE :10 MayWORD COUNT:Nationalism refers to an ideology, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. It emphasises the collective of a specific nation. As an ideology, nationalism holds that 'the people' in the doctrine of popular sovereignty is the nation. Nationalism ultimately is based on supporting ones own nation. A great part of the authentic writing in Afrikaans managing Afrikaner…...
CultureEducationLearningNationalismPoliticsProject
STS MRR3 ANDRES
The following sample essay on STS MRR3 ANDRES about revolution in mind. Notion that revolves in human behavior, thinking, action and even beliefs are compound in an array of probable routes that may born into a reality. If a person thinks, there are a lot of probable routes that you want to decide regardless what the person is conscious or not. The concepts that explains the complexity on how our mind works has something to do with psychoanalysis. Regarding about…...
EpistemologyMetaphysicsPhilosophical Theories
Life is the most precious and exquisite gift that one could ever
Life is the most precious and exquisite gift that one could ever receive. A humans life can exist within the longest and shortest period of time. Birth would be the beginning of life and death would be the end of it. With that being said, we can realize the absurdity of life for no matter what we do we will stay face death.If there is a place which can witness the beginning and ending of a persons life it can…...
Assisted SuicideBioethicsEthicsGiftHolidaysIdealism
What is prime reality?Prime reality is where it all starts It is
What is prime reality?Prime reality is where it all starts. It is the foundation to the existence of everything else. Unless you have a concept or understanding of the beginning, how can you explain what comes next? The explanation becomes the basis of everything else you believe.What is the nature of external reality, that is, the world around us?Understanding external reality helps one know where they fit into the world. Or do they just see themselves apart from it? It…...
EthicsMetaphysicsPhilosophical TheoriesPhilosophyRealityUnderstanding
According To Environmental Determinism
Although environmental determinism has been acclaimed throughout history, it has been lately declining; it has also been divided into arioso subsets including, climate, economic growth and many more. Since ancient times, many prominent Greek philosophers leaned on the idea that they Were more developed than other societies due to their great climate. Plato, Aristotle and Strata were supporters of these ideas; it was Strata who wrote that the psychological disposition of races is influenced by the climate. An East-African writer,…...
DeterminismEconomic Growth
Sport Cheating Essay Example
Sport Cheating has become an integral part of our day-to day lives. It has become accepted in several aspects of our lives like in politics and in the places of employment. Therefore, sport is no exception to this practice. Several teams to ensure that they have an uncanny advantage over their opponents resort to cheating. This is done in most cases to ensure that they win the competition in question. For instance in basketball, cheating has been there for a…...
EthicsPhilosophical TheoriesReasonThe Prince
Ethical Values and Behaviour Essay Example
Ethical Values and Behaviour Essay IntroductionEthics refers to the study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad.i Erin Brockovich, single mother of three children, barely scraping by at something like subsistence level. Erin does have a certain class consciousness and politics, however rudimentary and filtered through gender politics her ethical beliefs remain unscathed and altruistic. Erin is also smart and intelligent when it comes to deciphering the many…...
Erin BrockovichEthicsPersonalityPhilosophical TheoriesUtilitarianismValues
Essay Examples on Realism
1st Essay Sample on Realism In the 1800's the definition of'ideal life' came into question. The industrial revolutions lead to an enormous amount of poverty and crime. Auguste Comte's philosophy of positivism became known it was about studying the betterment of human and sociality that is the highest form of science. Charles Darwin reinforced this with his'Origin of the species,' stating all forms of life developed gradually from a common force of ancestry and evolution. Evolution explained by survival of…...
CulturePhilosophical Theories
Artistic Representation Through a Specific Image: Allegory of the Cave
The prison dwelling and the visible realm are compared to one another in thefirst sentence of the text.The realm is dark, with the exception of a small, well-kept fire.This burning fire is almost a representation of the burning sun that shines in the outer world.This sun is interpreted as the "idea of the good."The fire inside the cave helps guide the prisoners to use their senses.Without it, they would see nothing, not even their own shadows glowing on the wall.…...
Allegory Of The CaveCulturePhilosophical TheoriesPhilosophy
The Humanism Essay Analysis
Humanism gained ground in the Renaissance in part as a revival of classical learning, and such a revival included new study of classical humanism from the Greek and Roman world.Classical humanism placed an emphasis on philosophy and codes of ethics, notably embodied in the writings of Plato and Aristotle and many of their contemporaries. Artists in the Renaissance period followed the emphasis of the humanists on the human being as the center of existence, a shift from the Medieval emphasis…...
CulturePhilosophical TheoriesRenaissance
Immanuel Kant and reason
The following sample essay on "Immanuel Kant and reason". Kant's view that the only good actions are unconditionally good is a very sound argument because if one does good knowing they will benefit from it, then a person is truly not doing good. Would you help an old lady across the street? Would you help her out of the goodness of your heart? Would you help her for $5 tip? Would you help her because a plethora of beautiful women…...
CultureDutyEthicsImmanuel KantMetaphysicsPhilosophers
Franz Kafka’s “Metamorphosis”
In Franz Kafka's work the Metamorphosis there are ties to the ideal of existentialism. This way of thought is defined as a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one's acts. Thus in plain speak meaning that you eat what you dish out, meanwhile it is imperative that you bring meaning into your life.…...
ExistentialismMetaphysicsPhilosophical TheoriesThe MetamorphosisWork
Marxism and the Truman Show
The Truman Show has a lot to say about the culture and society we live in today. It is one of those lot..... and we ended up with this presentation, where we shortly show how The Truman Show can be and the principals of Marxism person’s reality is constructed by how they experience and interpret their personal reality, and also believes that the outcome of your experience is not certain and universal but relative and incomplete. It…...
CultureMarxismPhilosophical TheoriesPolitical SciencePoliticsPostmodernism
Jekyll and Hyde: A Psychological Study
The Conscious and Unconscious: Analysis on the Life of Dr. Henry Jekyll and Mr. Edward Hyde By Bernadine SyTiong March 16 2010 “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” by Robert Louis Stevenson originated from a dream that the author once had and he described it as “a fine bogy tale” when he awoke from it. Stevenson was first inspired from the city’s low life and the bizarre characters that he came across with and that his Calvinistic…...
DreamMetaphysicsPhilosophical Theories
Altruism: Selfless Concern for Others
The following sample essay on "Altruism" explores the concept of being active in selfless concern for the welfare of others. Is a person capable of self-renunciation? Altruism voluntary helping behaviour involving empathy, that offers no apparent self-gain which is of benefit to another individual without selfishness. Empathy altruism hypothesis a theory that believes helping behaviour is initiated when empathy is felt towards another individual. Supporters of this theory is Daniel Batson (1991) how states empathy altruism helping is dependent on…...
AltruismEthicsPhilosophical TheoriesSocial Psychology
Nationalism in 20th Century Europe
Assess to what extent the French revolution was the main factor in the growth of nationalism during the 19th century. Throughout the 19th Century nationalism became an increasingly important ideology. In fact, M. S. Anderson states, “The most important political fact of the nineteenth century in Europe was the growth of nationalism”. In some cases it took the form of regions seeking independence from the country they were currently part of. In others bigger countries formed out of smaller states…...
FranceGermanyLiberalismNational IdentityNationalismPhilosophy
Labelling Theory in Explaining Crime and Deviance – A2 Sociology
Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the usefulness of labelling theory in explaining crime and deviance. (21 marks) Labelling theorists are concerned with how and why certain people and actions come to be labelled as criminal or deviant, and what effects this has on those who are labelled as such. As stated in Item A, labelling theory is focused with how individuals construct society based on their interactions with each other. Becker emphasises the significance of crime being…...
CrimeDevianceHuman NaturePhilosophical TheoriesSocial IssuesSocial Psychology
Accent Fallacy Examples
FALLACIES OF RELEVANCE 1. Appeal to Force If you suppose that terrorizing your opponent is giving him a reason for believing that you are correct, then you are using a scare tactic and reasoning fallaciously. Example: David: My father owns the department store that gives your newspaper fifteen percent of all its advertising revenue, so I’m sure you won’t want to publish any story of my arrest for spray painting the college. Newspaper editor: Yes, David, I see your point.…...
ArgumentsEpistemologyFallacyLogicTruth
Perspectives on the Self in African Conceptions
Introduction In this essay I will compare and contrast the different perspectives of self, person and personhood from various cultures across Africa, answering the age-old questions within metaphysics as well as philosophy: “What is a person? What elements constitute being a person? and “Could one be a person without personhood? ” Nature The Akan philosophers Wiredu and Gyekye agree the okra (soul) is the innermost self of the person, but disagree whether the nature of the okra is a material…...
CultureMetaphysicsPhilosophical TheoriesSoul
Comparative Works of Lu Xun
Lu Xun writes about the impending doom for China because he hates to see the homeland he loves diminish. The Story of Ah Q and The Madman’s Diary are both scornful critiques of Chinese traditions, values, customs and ways of life. He is able to express his underlying text by the uses of irony and symbolism. The Story of Ah Q and The Madman’s Diary are both prime examples of Lu Xun’s work that forewarns the citizens of China that…...
ChinaChinese CultureConfucianismCultureWork
Feminist Epistemology
The Potential of Emotions in Feminist Epistemology: Developing Jaggar’s Account By Tina Strasbourg University of Calgary Abstract In this paper I analyze the potential of Allison Jaggar’s suggestion that emotions in general, and outlaw emotions in particular, be incorporated into feminist epistemology. Jaggar advocates a standpoint theory of emotions, and suggests that the emotions of the oppressed in particular are helpful rather than inimical to acquiring knowledge. I argue that although there are some potential problems with Jaggar’s approach, these…...
EpistemologyMetaphysicsPhilosophical Theories
Founding Father of Experimental Psychology: Wundt
Wilhelm Maximiliam Wundt stands as a historical figure in the development and propagation of experimental psychology. He is known as the founding father of the first laboratory for psychology. He was born in Neckarau, German in 1832 and died in 1920. He was born to Titchener who was a minister in Lutheran. When he was aged six, his family vacated to Heidensheim at Baden. Wundt grew as a young precocious boy under the pupilage of Friedrich Muller who was an…...
EpistemologyPhilosophical Theories
A Response to ‘Message to the Grassroots’ by Malcolm X
This is a public speech by the militant black leader Malcolm X, calling upon men of his race to unite in their efforts to fight white oppression. The speech is reminiscent of the more famous counterpart delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. But the methods advocated by the two speakers are contrasting. While the philosophy of King was one of non-violent activist organization, Malcolm X forwards a more militant approach to racial equality. Malcolm X’s agenda is also much broader…...
CultureMalcolm XNonviolencePacifismPoliticsSocial Movements
Kant & Nietzsche’s Social Ideas
Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche are two important intellectuals whose thoughts are integral to the development of social thought in Europe and North America. Immanuel Kant’s thoughts have enriched a wide variety of disciplines within humanities, including theology, political science and sociology. But Kant’s work does not fit easily into any particular disciplinary paradigm. Of late, Kant’s thoughts have regained eminence in the study of international politics. Contemporary proponents of Kant’s relevance to international politics espouse the view that democracy…...
CultureEpistemologyEthicsImmanuel KantPhilosophersPhilosophical Theories
The Enlightenment Period of American Literature Unit Test: English Honors III
What were the common beliefs of the American Enlightenment Period? The power of reason and science to further human progress. That a social contract should be the basics of government. That by nature people are born good, not evil. In the attainability of a perfect society. What was the format in which most of the Enlightenment Period writing was presented? Most writing was public (newspapers, magazines, and almanacs.) What was the subject matter of most of the Enlightenment Period writing?…...
Age Of EnlightenmentCultureFlashcardsPhilosophical TheoriesThomas Jefferson
WGU C100 CH 6 NeoClassical Period
Neoclassical themes skepticism, rationalism, empiricism, logic, progress, revolution, order, clarity, deism, classicism Neoclassic Context Enlightenment, Declaration of independence Neoclassical Religion enlightenment, philosophies, deism Neoclassic Philosophers Voltaire - satire attacks - Optimism of Gottfried Leibniz, Denis Diderot - Encyclopedie, Thomas Hobbes - Levithan Neoclassical Literature Enlightenment, the novel, Jean-Jaques Rousseau - Emile, Samuel Richardson - pamela, Alexander pope - The rape of the lock Neoclassical Theater Myths, "The heroic tragedy" or "comedy of matters", Jean Batiste Moliere - Tartuffe, Jean Racine,…...
CultureEthicsFlashcardsPhilosophical TheoriesSkepticismSocial Contract
Hamlet, Part 6: Applying Literary Criticism
This exchange reflects Shakespeare's time because sponges were new and popular in Elizabethan society. scientists in the 1600s were studying the human body. rulers gained power by surrounding themselves with loyal officers. common people felt that they were ignored by their royal leaders. c Repeated references to ears and hearing in Hamlet are an example of a literary action. motif. theme. pattern. b Feminist criticism focuses on power dynamics Which factors are to be considered when using historical criticism to…...
CommunicationCriticismCultureFlashcardsGenderHamlet
Fallacies, Ethos, Pathos, Logos Examples in Gothic Literature
Fallacies Failure in reasoning, weak argument, makes argument weaker while making it stronger at the same time Ad hominem "To the man" Attacks people rather than the argument "You're wrong because you're ugly" Bandwagon Fallacy Coming to the conclusion that a certain idea has merit because many people believe it "She has that new shirt so I have to have that new shirt" Faulty analogy Can be used as a pathos technique "Because you let the absent student turn in…...
ArgumentsEpistemologyFallacyFlashcardsLogicReason
INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY
The term Philosophy signifies the adoration for knowledge. In a wide sense, philosophy is an action people attempt when they try to comprehend essential truths concerning their welfare and also the world and the link they have to the world and each other. As a scholastic control theory is much the same. The individuals who study philosophy are never-endingly occupied with asking, replying, and contending for their solutions forever's most fundamental inquiries. Methodology can be defined as an arrangement of…...
EpistemologyEuthyphroMetaphysicsPhilosophical TheoriesPhilosophyReality
Ferdinand Tonnies
Ferdinand Tonnies BY TCIutch A) Toennies is most famous for his analysis on Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft which translate to community and society, preferring to focus on the bindings of social relationships of traditional society. His work reflects the division between folk society and urban society, which is like the intimate relationships of family, friends, and community versus the impersonal alliances of polity, economic exchange, and state power. The reason this is his most popular work is because these two worlds…...
CapitalismCommunityPhilosophical TheoriesSocial ScienceSociology
Future of an Illusion
The Future of an Illusion Sigmund Freud's The Future of An Illusion proposes an idealistic form of human culture, one in which human relations are reorganized so that coercion and suppression of instincts are abandoned. The pivotal factor in this reorganization, he believes, is the universal abdication of religion. For the first portion of this response, the text itself will be broken down into chapter-by-chapter summaries. These summaries are written from the Freudian perspective and are not indicitive of the…...
CultureFutureIdealismMetaphysicsPhilosophyTruth
Al-Ghazali: Biographical Experience
The following sample essay on Al-Ghazali: Biographical Experience In terms of historical ideas, one cannot overlook the premise that al-Ghazali’s figure stands out prominently among leading Western thinkers. With many people considering him as history’s greatest theologian, his polemic against Chiefly Sina Ibn, the Neopolitan Philosophers, had a significant impact to Islamic philosophy. Until recently, the dialect between reason and faith has had a common theme in terms of religious thought. The philosophy of the Islamic religion is no different.…...
CultureExperienceMetaphysicsPhilosophical TheoriesSalvation
Ch 11 AP Euro (Romanticism)
Romanticism Reaction in the early 19th century literature, philosophy, and religion against what many people considered the excessive rationality and scientific narrowness of the Enlightenment. Sturm und Drang A movement in German romantic literature and philosophy that emphasized feeling and emotion. Also meaning "storm and stress" Categorical Imperative According to Immanuel Kant, the internal sense of moral duty or awareness possessed by all human beings. Romantic Movement Reaction against much of the though of the Enlightenment and the social transformation…...
CultureFlashcardsMetaphysicsPhilosophical TheoriesReason
Concrete Culture
Concrete This is the most visile and tangible level of culture. It includes surface-level aspects, such as clothes, music, games, and food. Behavioral This level of culture is definded bty our social roles, languages, and approaches to nonverbal commuications and helps us situate ourselves organizationally in society (for example, gender roles, family structure, and political affiliation). Symbolic This level of culture involves our involves our value and beliefs. It is often abstract yet is key to how one defines himself…...
CommunicationCultureFlashcardsLovePhilosophical Theories
Literary Theories: A Sampling of Critical Lenses
Archetypal Criticism Narrative design, character type, or image that is common in all types of literature, dreams, and social behavior. Archetypal similarities reflect universal, primitive, and elemental patterns which evokes a profound response from the reader. -Death/rebirth -Journey underground -Heavenly ascent -Search for the father -Paradise-Hades image -Promethean rebel-hero -Scapegoat -Earth goddess -Fatal woman Feminist Criticism Feminist critics see cultural and economic disabilities in a "patriarchal" society that has hindered women from realizing their creative possibility and cultural identity. They…...
CriticismCultureFeminismFlashcardsGenderStructuralism
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