What important information is revealed in the third paragraph of the first act in the Crucible?
The information revealed is that Reverend Parris is one of the characters in the play. He is praying for his daughter, who is obviously sick.
In what ways does a long exposition differ from a stage direction?
A long exposition differs from a typical stage direction because a stage direction is usually brief. An exposition, however, goes into more detail. A stage direction also just usually tells the setting or where or what the character is doing, or how the stage looks.
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An exposition shows history and goes full out on the setting.
What is a time- honored activity for the people of Salem?
They got into everyones business.
Whys is the background knowledge of witch hunts and Salem important for your understanding of the story?
We need to know the background because we now know the plot and setting of the story. We now understand what the play will be about.
Lastly, we can take the information from the background and use it to help us understand the play fully.
Based on what stage directions have been revealed about Abigail’s personality, what can you conclude about her “worry” and “apprehension”?
We can conclude that she is hiding something. She is pretending.
What do you learn about Abigail in dialogue?
You learn that Abigail is head strong. She is the leader. She is a mysterious character, who at sometimes can be depicted as scary or evil.
She wants things done her way.
Synonyms for sniveling.
Uncaring, blackening, lying, sickly, weak, whiny
How does the combination of stage direction and dialogue reveal Mrs. Putnam’s eagerness to see signs of witchcraft?
She thinks witchcraft is everywhere. Her voice in the dialogue shows her genuine nervousness of it and believes everyone is a witch.
What could now be openly expressed among the residents of Salem?
Long- held hatred of neighbors could now be openly expressed. Vengeance was taken with this. People would blame others on witch craft just because they did not like another or wanted something from them.
Why has Parris sent for Reverend Hale?
Parris sent for Reverend Hale because he had a lot of experience in the demotic arts. He was good at picking out witchcraft.
What does Mrs. Putnam believe happened to her babies?
She believes her babies were murdered. She thinks they were murdered by the witches.
What does Mary Warren insist the girls do?
Insists the girls to tell about what they did.
What conflict exists between Abigail and Proctor?
The conflict is that there is some love between Abigail and Proctor. When Abigail worked for Proctor they had an affair. She is now upset that he will not come for her in the night ever again because he will not betray his wife.
What conflict between the household is introduced with Tituba’s entrance?
Is that something bad has happened. Tituba is worried about the sick Betty. Parris must believe Tituba had something to with Betty’s sickness.
What problem consumes Parris and his neighbors?
They are consumed with the problem of the possibility of witch craft. Parris does not wants to ruin his reputation in the town. The neighbors were upset and wanted the witchcraft taken care of.
What conflict with the villagers is Parris trying to avoid?
because he does not want to be blamed for anything. He wants to stay away so the people with not accuse his family and ruin his name.
What important information does Miller reveal about Proctor?
He is shown as someone that accuses people wrongly. He is upset with his sins. He is calm and almost scary but respected greatly. He and Abigail have had an affair.
What is Betty’s condition when the play opens?
When the play opens Betty is inert. She will not move. The village thinks she has been touched by the Devil.
What does Abigail say she and Betty were doing in the forest?
They were dancing.
What seems to be the main motivation for Reverend Parris’s concern about the girls’ behavior in the forest?
The main concern was if any witch craft was going on. They did not want it to be a cause of Betty’s illness, because if it was then Reverend Parris’s reputation would be ruined.
What do Abigail, Betty, Mercy, and Mary discuss after Reverend Parris leaves his daughter’s room?
They discussed that they would tell no one about what happened in the forest. They were going to keep it a secret.
What events does this scene suggest might happen later on in the play?
Makes it seem like Mary is going to say what they have done. The truth will be announced soon.
Who is Reverend Hale?
An eager man. He knows how to pick up witchcraft.
Why is Reverend Hale contacted?
For precaution. Parris just wants to make sure that the witches have not gotten to Betty.
Do you think Revered Hale had been fair and impartial so far in Scene 1? Why or why not?
Yes, because he goes to each girl when they are being accused. He has them explain and he forgives them for their wrong doing.
Describe Abigail’s prior relationship with the Proctors.
Abigail used to be the Proctors servant. She has been gone for seven months though, for unknown reasons. Abigail obviously loves Proctor. They had an affair that John is not proud of.
What does Betty’s revelation about Abigail’s actions in the forest suggest about Abigail’s feelings for Proctor?
You can tell that Abigail does not like John Proctor’s wife and wants to kill her. Something must have happened when she was a servant there.
what evidence suggests that sharp divisions among the people of Salem Village?
There are sharp divisions because they seem to blame others who are most suspicious. They blame each other easily. The higher people are in society the easier they get away with things. Also, some believed in witches and others did not.
Name two others who may be accused. Explain your choices.
I think Proctor’s wife might be accused because of Abigail’s hate for her. I also think Mary Warren because she is the servant of the Proctors now.
What is your impression of Hale based on the dramatic exposition, stage directions, and dialogue?
Hale is able to work to get out the Devil. He does not like superstition. He thinks of himself as a doctor.
In what way does the dialogue indicate that Tituba is making things up?
Because of her repetition. She is also taking what the person said before her and drawing into it. The hyphens also show.
What do the dialogue and stage directions tell you about the atmosphere on the stage in Act 1
It shows that everyone is hopeful to find the witches. They are all shouting at Tituba to give up on hiding who the witches are. There is a great atmosphere of surprise and discomfort.
With what does Hale come prepared?
He comes prepared with books. He says they are the books of authority that help him track down the Devil.
What does Giles believe has made him unable to pray?
Giles thinks that the books his wife read make him unable to pray.
To what does Tituba confess?
She confesses that she saw the Devil. She also confessed that there were other people with him. She has confessed herself to witchcraft.
How does Mrs. Putnam’s confession add to the rising action?
Mrs. Putnam’s confession adds to the rising action because she said that she sent Ruth to conjure up the dead with Tituba. This leads to think that Tituba is a witch or has done something wrong.
Which details given in the background information explain Giles Corey’s remarks about his wife, Martha?
The background explains that when Giles married he suddenly had an interest in the church. Her stopping his prayer was probable but he had just recently learned them and forgot them easily.
How does Tituba’s confirmation of Parris and Hale’s suspicions add to the play’s rising action?
Tituba’s confirmation lead to the suspicion that a witch caused Betty’s sickness. When Tituba announced that there were witches Parris and Hale knew that there were witches that made Betty sick.
How is Proctor’s allusion to Pontius Pilate an insult to Hale?
Proctor’s allusion to Pontius Pilate is an insult to Hale because he said the court was like Pontius Pilate and Hale is towards the court. He does not want to be accused that he is doing something wrong.
What gift does Mary Warren give Elizabeth?
She gives her a poppet.
What evidence does Mary Warren use to prove that Good Osburn is a witch?
By saying that she was pregnant with no husband.
What does Elizabeth fear that Abigail will do to her?
Elizabeth fears that Abigail will kill her.
Why has Proctor avoided attending the church?
because he sees no light of God in Mr. Parris.
What does John Proctor tell Reverend Hale about Abigail Williams?
John Proctor tells Hale that Abigail told him the children’s sickness had not to do with witch craft.
With what crime is Rebecca Nurse charged?
She is charged for murder of Goody Proctor’s babies.
Who put the needle in the poppet?
Mary Warren
What happens to Elizabeth Proctor?
She is taken because they believe she is a witch. They believe she stuck the needle in Abigail.
Moses’ parting of the Red Sea reveal about Abigail’s new standing in the community?
They think Abigail knows all the witches in Salem. They think she has all the answers on who did what.
What conflict is developing between the Proctors and their community?
They all think Elizabeth is a witch because she doesn’t go to church anymore. They think the whole family has turned to Satan.
What internal conflict do these stage directions suggest Hale experiences?
It shows that Hale does not know who to believe. He is surprised by the comments they are making about Abigail and the Proctors.
How does Hale use this allusion to the Devil to justify the accusation against Rebecca Nurse?
He says that the Devil is alive in Salem and he does not know who will go next.
As John eats his meal, which details suggest tension in the Proctors’ relationship?
Is when Elizabeth yearns to please John. When she kisses him and he looks disappointed. How at dinner they do not talk much and she stares and makes sure he is pleased with dinner.
Do you think Proctor will go before the court and denounce Abigail? Explain.
I think John will denounce Abigail. I think this because if he says that she is evil they will believe him if she says he committed adultery with her. No one would believe her because he would say she was evil.
What is the source of conflict between Proctor and Elizabeth?
is that Proctor had an affair with Abigail. Now, Elizabeth does not like Proctor seeing Abigail.
Do you think the authorities are more likely to believe Proctor or Abigail? Explain.
I think they will most likely believe Abigail. I think this because she is family of Reverend Parris. Also, because Proctor’s wife was accused of being a witch and they will not want to believe him since Abigail was the accuser.
How do you think the poppet will affect Elizabeth’s fate?
The poppet will not be good for Elizabeth’s fate. They will most likely hang her for it even if it was Mary Warren’s doll.
Based on Hale’s reaction to Mary Warren’s testimony, what do you think will be the fate of those accused?
Hale makes it sound that Mary Warren and Elizabeth have no chance of getting out of this. They had the poppet, which is evidence enough.
What impact do you think the charge of lechery would have on Proctor and his family?
I think the impact of lechery would have their whole family in court. Elizabeth for witch craft and Proctor for adultery.
At what time of day does the scene 1 of act take place?
Evening, almost dark.
According to Elizabeth, how has Mary Warren changed?
According to Elizabeth, Mary Warren has become stronger and thinks she can do what she wants because she is wanted by the court.
In what sense is Proctor’s quotation from the Bible ironic?
Because Mary Warren did not want to do good.
What is ironic about Danforth’s request for proof from Giles?
It is ironic because Giles always has to put through proof in the court.
What is Giles Corey’s defense? .
Giles defense is how many times he has been in court. He also has papers. He believes he has been court so many times that he could be a good lawyer.
What accusation does Hathorne make of Martha Corey?
He accuses her of reading fortunes. Also, for hurting the children.
What is Giles’s motivation for interrupting the court?
Because he did not like his wife being accused of being a witch. He says he has evidence that the women are not witches.
What do you learn about Danforth through direct characterization in stage directions?
I learned that he had a lot of authority. His father was a judge as well. He is very serious about his work. He looks at everything for evidence.
Why does Giles smile at Danforth?
Because he knows Danforth is the person who is condemning his wife.
What is illogical about Danforth’s statement to Francis Nurse?
Danforth was illogical when he was surprised at Francis Nurse for being there when he was a man. The illogical thing is that Francis had to be there for his wife.
What is Parris’s motive for discrediting Mary Warren in court?
He is discrediting Mary Warren because he feels if they do not turn to the women the girls mentioned they will turn on his family instead.
What new testimony does Mary Warren give?
She said that all the girls were pretending when they called out the names.
In what way does Danforth’s statement about the poppet represent a logical fallacy?
When Danforth talks about being stuck to pins because Mary Warren had the pin in the doll and Abigail got pierced by a pin.
What makes Danforth’s statement about the “pure in heart” an example of verbal irony?
Because Danforth accused the “pure of heart” and the ones that were not pure were still in the village safe.
What document does Proctor present to the court?
He presents a testament that declares people’s good opinion of Rebecca, Elizabeth, and Martha Corey.
What is faulty about Parris’s claim that “all innocent and Christian people are happy for the courts in Salem”?
Innocent and Christian people are not happy for the courts in Salem because Elizabeth, Rebecca, and Martha Corey, Francis, Proctor, and all were innocent by had to deal with the wrong judgment of the court.
What does Mary Warren bring home to Elizabeth Proctor?
a poppet
What is the significance of the poppet?
Is the gift Mary Warren stuck a needle in it. Later on, Abigail was pierced by a needle in her belly.
What evidence is used to support Abigail Williams’s assertion that Elizabeth Proctor is guilty of witchcraft?
That the poppet she had, had a needle in it. Abigail was pierced with a needle.
Do you think the evidence of the poppet is compelling? Why or why not?
I don’t think because Mary Warren admitted she gave Elizabeth the poppet and put the needle in it with Abigail sitting next to her.
What does Sarah Good do to save herself from hanging?
She admits to witchcraft.
Why would such an action save her?
Because it showed that she was not a witch and she repented for what she had done.
According to John Proctor, what is “walking Salem” and writing the law in the community?
Means it is vengeance that is walking. Not witches.
What evidence would support Proctor’s assertion?
The evidence is when Abigail blames Elizabeth for witch craft just because Proctor left her instead of Elizabeth.
Who says the witchcraft trials are “a black mischief”?
Proctor says they are.
What is ironic about the “black mischief” remark?
Because Proctor is referring to the hatred of the court because they did not have fair trials. It is a mockery of a trial. Witch craft is also referred to as black art.
Why is it surprising that Rebecca Nurse is charged with witchcraft?
Because she had many kids herself and has been blamed for killing children. She was also pious. She is a kind, Christian woman.
Do you find any irony in the fact that Ezekiel Cheever is the one who arrests Elizabeth Proctor? Why or why not?
Yes, because it was Cheever that Elizabeth urged John to tell the truth about Abigail.
In what ways do Danforth’s statements cause dramatic irony?
Because people have been lying this whole time and he is just now being surprised by it.
How does Proctor try to shift Danforth’s understanding of Abigail?
By saying that he thinks Abigail means to murder his wife.
What motivates Proctor to make his confession?
When Abigail stars pretending she is being taken over by Mary’s spirit.
Which details in Elizabeth’s exchange with Danforth reveal the dramatic irony at work in this scene?
Is that Elizabeth does not like to lie but she has to for her husband. She doesn’t know what is going on so made it worse.
According to Danforth, why do people in Salem fear the court?
Because they want to topple Christ. He says no uncorrupted man will fear the court.
What document does Danforth read?
Mary Warren’s deposition. It confesses her lies and accuses the girls as lying as well.
What do Parris and Hathorne ask Mary Warren to do?
They ask her to faint.
How does Abigail threaten Danforth?
By saying that the power of Hell is turning his wits. She says that he is mistreating her after she has helped him.
What does Proctor reveal about Abigail?
He reveals that they committed adultery.
In what way does Elizabeth’s testimony differ from John’s?
Elizabeth says that John is a good man that did nothing while John said he was a bad man that did bad things.
What do the girls do to undermine Mary Warren’s testimony?
The girls play along with Abigail to undermine Mary Warren. They pretend Mary has transformed herself into a bird that is going to kill them.
In what ways is Danforth’s entire argument based on a faulty premise?
Because he thinks the girls are not lying. He thinks they are really being taken by the spirits when really they are not.
On what faulty premise is this argument against Elizabeth based?
That Elizabeth was wrongly accused. She never owned any poppets.
In what sense does Danforth’s question express a logical fallacy?
Was that once someone was accused of witchcraft there is not way to prove their innocence. The victim was the one to accuse them firstly, so they weren’t going to defend the accused witch.
Why does Proctor insist that the court must believe his argument?
Because it will save his wife, show Abigail as a liar, and save him from his guilt.
Which three depositions are presented to the judges and on whose behalf?
1. The accusations are false by Mary Warren
2. The good character of Rebecca, Elizabeth, and Martha by Proctor
3. Giles deposition against Putnam
How do the judges discourage defenses of the accused?
Because they insist the protest shows contempt of the court.
What does John Proctor confess to Danforth?
Confesses that he had an affair with Abigail
Why does John Proctor make his confession?
Because he believes Abigail wants to murder Elizabeth and that she is untrustworthy. He also wants to uncover he lying.
What does his confession reveal about his character?
That he is willing to sacrifice himself for others.
What is the lie Elizabeth Proctor tells Danforth?
That Proctor did not have an affair.
What are the consequences of Elizabeth’s lie?
Are that John is arrested and Abigail’s confidence is now restored.
What truth does Mary Warren reveal about her involvement with “spirits”?
That she made up the “spirits”
Why does Mary Warren change her testimony and turn on John Proctor?
Because the girls turn on her and she is scared.
What does Hale denounce at the end of Act lll?
He denounces the court.
Do you find Hale sympathetic? Why or why not?
yes, I think because he ended up standing up for what is right
For whom does Sarah Good mistake Herrick?
mistakes Herrick as the Majesty
How does Tituba’s desire for home reflect historical realities?
Because at one point in history African Americans were slaves that got stolen from home. There home was unsafe and now they want to go home.
How might this description of Salem in chaos warn against anti- communist fear and suspicion in Miller’s time?
It warned their time because many meant it was a sign of chaos. The city thought there was going to be a riot.
Why are so many cows wandering the roads?
Because their masters are in jail and there was a disagreement to who they were going to belong to .
How does Parris’s description of Proctor suggest some of the qualities of a tragic hero?
Parris makes Proctor sound like a tragic hero because Proctor was a good man who had to go through horrible things. Many people also complained about him being executed. Lastly, he was trying to do the right thing and everything backfired on him.
What has happened to Abigail?
She ran away and stole all of Parris’s money.
What does Danforth want Proctor to do?
To write his mane on the confession and hand it to him so he can put it on the church.
What insight does Proctor express?
He finally realizes that he is a good man. He will hang a saint because he can do what is right. Others know he will do the right thing as well.
To what does Rebecca Nurse allude in saying, “Another judgment waits us all”?
Rebecca was referring to Judgment Day when Jesus judges us all at the end of the world.
According to Danforth, are the events taking place in Salem inevitable? Explain.
They are somewhat inevitable. They can only be free if they say that they are guilty. If they do they still have their name all over town.
Why has Hale returned to Salem?
Because he wants to get the people to confess so they will not be hanged.
What does Hale urge Elizabeth Proctor to do?
To persuade John to lie ad confess.
At this point in the play, act 4, how does Proctor see himself?
He sees himself as an awful man who lies a lot. He wants to confess to live but feels evil because others that were innocent died already.
Why does Proctor say that he “cannot mount the gibbet like a saint”?
He cannot mount the gibbet like a saint because he thinks it is fraud. He does not think he is a good man.
What sins does Elizabeth think she has committed?
Elizabeth thinks she lied because she kept a cold house. She counted herself as a bad person for kissing him with suspicion and not fully loving him after he committed his sin.
How might Proctor’s refusal to incriminate others relate to the McCarthy hearings of the 1950s?
Because I the McCarthy hearings if someone was Communist they would ask what friends were too and many would refuse. John was like this when he wouldn’t accuse anyone else.
In what ways do Proctor’s statements here reflect those of a tragic hero?
Proctor shows tragic hero because he was a good man who got in a problem and could not get out of it no matter how hard he tried.
Local farmer. Elizabeth’s husband. Had an affair with Abigail.
John Proctor
Parris’s niece. Once the servant of the Proctor household. Had an affair with Proctor
Abigail
An expert on witchcraft.
Hale
Francis Nurse’s wife. Well respected in Salem.
Rebecca
Governor and Judge of Salem.
Danforth
His wife, Martha, is accused of witchcraft. Has been put on trial a lotl
Giles Corey
Accuses people for witchcraft for vengeance and money
Mr. Putnam
Gave birth to 8 children and one survived. She believes they died from supernatural powers.
Mrs. Putnam
The only child of the Putnam’s
Ruth
Parris’s slave from Barbados
Tituba
Friend of Abigail’s, servant of the Proctors
Mary Warren
Reads and is accused for witchcraft.
Martha Corey
The clerk of the court.
Cheever.
Works with Danforth
Hathorne
the marshal of Salem
Herrick
what are the themes?
intolerance, reputation,
Who is the author?
Arthur Miller