The history of a nation can be learned in its constitution,its laws,and its political statements.To learn the history of a nation’s spirit,you must read its literature
•Croghan 1977
Philippine Literature
•in English reveals the spirit of a Filipino
•this literature has learned to express in words that create memorable images
sharing of human experiences,learn what you are and how you have become what you are,learn what you might be in the future,shows how the filipinos differ from the others
•Importance of literature
The early period(1900-1930),The middle period(1930-1960),The modern Period(1960-1974),contemporary(1970-present)
•Development of the Philippine literature
folk speeches,folk songs,folk narratives,indigenous rituals and mimetic dances
•affirm our ties with the southeast asian neighbors in the pre-colonial times
Riddle
•most seminal of folk speeches
•TIGMO in Cebuano
•BUGTONG in Tagalog
•PAKTAKON in Ilonggo
•PATOTOTDON in Bicol
Folk Narratives
•Epics and folk tales are varied, exotic and magical
Darangen(maranao-islam),Biag-ni-Lamang(ilokano),hudhod & alim(ifugao),Kabuniyan & Bendian(Ibaloi,benguet),kumintang(Tagalog),Ibalon & aslon(bikol),maragtas,haraya,lagda & hinilawod(Bisaya),Hari sa bukid(negros),Dagoy and sudsud(tagbanwa of Palawan),Indadapatra at sulayman(maguindanao),Bidasari(Muslim),Parang sabil/parang sabir(sulu Muslim),Tatuaang/tuwaang(bagobo),Ulagingen at seleh(manobo)
•sample epics
Darangen(maguindanao-Islam)
•narrates the heroic feats of the maguindanao people highlighting the bravery and prowess of the skilled Moro warriors
Biag-ni-Lamang
•Ilokano epic
Hudhod & Alim(ifugao)
•features the characters aliguyan(aliguyon),Bugan and their families, and the elements of the early civilization which rose in the mountain province
komedya,senakulo,sarswela,ibong adarna,florante at laura,Don Juan tiñoso,No li Me tangere,El filibusterismo
•spanish occupation novels/epics/contributions
The Early Period
•concided with the american occupation
•numerous English newspapers were published
•
American soldiers
•first teachers in the early period
1900
•in this year on the early period, english is the official medium of instruction in all public schools
PNS(now PNU)
•school founded on 1901
The Phillipine press
•founded in 1905
College Folio
•published on up in the year 1910
Philippine Herald/Philippine Magazine
•most influential literary magazine in the year 1920
A child of sorrow
•first Filipino novel in English written by Zoilo Galang in the year 1921
Formal and imitative,fiction is structurally simple,language is easy to understand,moralistic and quite didactic,sense of nationalism is evident,verbose and rhetorical,romantic and melancholic,grammatically uneven,tendency towards melodrama
•Characteristics of the early period
Marcelo De Gracia conception,Aurelio S.
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Alvero,Rafael Zulueta De Costa,Angela Manalang Gloria,Trinidad Tarrosa Subido,Vicente del fierro,Luis dato,Jose Garcia Villa
•writers of the Early Period
Zolio M. Galang,Paz Marquez benitez,Tarcila Malabanan Katigbak,Arturo B. Rotor,Amador T. Daguio,Paz Latorena,Loreta Paz sulit,Sinai Hamada
•fictionists of the early period
The middle period
•”the most productive of distinctive work in the half century of Filipino writing in English”
•continued influence of romanticism and later realism from the united states
•writers began to explore the idea of searching for a national identity
•S.P. Lopez and J.G. Villa clashed over the function of art and art for art’s sake function of art
•the short story flourished
•Journalistic writing and literary criticism emerged
•Japanese occupation/world war II
•Philippine literature in english greatly improved
•Culture clashes:American vs Filipino
•reflected Filipino customs,traditions,practices,traits
Philippine book guild(1936),Philippine writer’s league(1939),The veronicans
•Literary organizations formed on the middle period
The Philippine Commonwealth Government
•established on July 4,1935
1940
•The first commonwealth literary awards were given in this year
July 4,1946
•Philippine independence day was proclaimed on this date
Stylic Characteristics
•simple structures,simple plots,mild climaxes,explicit symbols,slow pace or movement,abundant description of people and places
1950
•the frst Palanca Memorial awards were given in the year
1954
•english and Tagalog act play in the year
recurrent subject matter/themes,recurrent setting,use of local color,recurrent characters
•Characteristics of the middle period
Recurrent subject matter/themes
•a characteristic of the middle period
•rural-life,love,self-sacrifice, and suffering,novel of city life,value of education,struggle against poverty
Recurrent setting
•a characteristic of the middle period
•the province, the barrio, the small town
Recurrent characters
•characteristic of the middle period
•the barrio lass/las,the first schooled/the first educated person in the barrio,the teacher
Salvador P. Lopez,Francisco B. Icasiano,Pura santillan castrence,maria kalaw-katigbak,Jose P. laurel,Vicente hilario,Federico mangahas,godofredo Rivera,Leopoldo yabes
•essayists of the middle period
Manuel E. Arguilla,Delfin Fresnosa,Nick Joaquin,Stevan Javellana,N.V.M. Gonzales,Estrella D. alfon,Edith L. tiempo,alejandro R. Roces,Kerima Polotan Tuvera
•fictionists of the middle period
Modern Period
•there was a growing sense of nationalism and deeper search for identity in the 60’s
•continued influence of the west upon Philippine literature was evident
The republic cultural awards
•started in 1960- first winner was N.V.M. gonzales
The first pro patria awards
•presented in 1961 and the 1st winners were Jose Garcia Villa,N.V.M Gonzales, and wilfredo ma guerrero.
The first Asian writers’ conference
•held in Baguio in 1962
Themes of confusion and violence
•evident in the late 60’s and 70’s
Martial Law
•declared on September 21,1972
recurrent subject matter,recurrent setting,recurrent characters
•characteristics of the modern period
Contemporary Period
•themes have changed from sentimentalized romanticism to a more realistic and naturalistic delineation
•gay and lesbian literature came out
•strong feminist tendencies are evident
•more social problems are tackled
•tv and films have become more popular
•younger writers have entered the literary scene
•more literary criticisms have been written
1981
•martial law was lifted in the year
Edsa Revolution
•occured in 1986
Daring or controversial choice of subject matter,very innovative in structure and style,influence of different-isms from literary trends from the west,characters,plot structure,and narrative techniques are more complex
•characteristics of contemporary period
Bob Ong,Ninotchka Rosca,Ophelia Dimalanta,Isagani Cruz,Danton Remoto,Ricky Lee,arlene chai,Jessica zafra,siege malvar,Miguel syjuco,Eros atalia
•writers of the contemporary period