CHapter 12 test history Free Essay Example

Reform movements emerged in America in the mid-nineteenth century in part because of a

desire for social stability and discipline in the face of change.

In the mid-nineteenth century, romanticism

None of these answers is correct.

In the mid-nineteenth century, the general European attitude toward American art and literature

was that American artists had little to offer Europe.

The Hudson River school of painters emphasized in their work the importance of

natural beauty

All of the following painters were associated with the Hudson River school

THomas Cole, Frederick Church, Albert Bierstadt, Asher Durand, NOTTTTT James Whistler

Which of the following features was NOT a characteristic of the Hudson River school?

a belief that democracy was the best source of wisdom and spiritual fulfillment

All of the following people helped create a distinct American literature EXCEPT

Sydney Smith.

Through novels such as The Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Cooper examined the significance of

America’s Westward expansion

Walt Whitman

celebrated the liberation of the individual

Herman Melville’s most important literary work was

Moby Dick

Edgar Allan Poe’s most famous poem, which established him as a major literary figure, was

The Raven

The tradition of American regional humor established by the southern literary realists found its most powerful voice in the works of

Mark Twain

Transcendentalists

regarded reason to be the most important human faculty

The transcendentalist writer Ralph Waldo Emerson

asserted that through nature, individuals could find personal fulfillment

The transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau

argued that Americans had the moral right to disobey laws of the U.

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The transcendentalist movement

anticipated the environmental protection movement of the 20th century

The primary goal of the 1840s community experiment known as Brook Farm was to

permit all individuals to realize their full potential as individuals

Who among the following was NOT a participant in American communal living?

Walt Whitman

One of the most enduring of the pre-Civil War utopian colonies was

Oneida

In redefining gender roles, the experimental 1840s Oneida Community

carefully monitored sexual behavior to protect women

Which of the following was arguably the most distinctive feature of Shakerism?

complete celibacy

Shaker societies

saw women excercise more power than men

Mormonism

believed in human perfectibility

Which statement about Mormonism is FALSE?

It advocated sexual equality

Nineteenth-century Protestant revivalists such as the New Light revivalists

formed a crusade against personal immorality

In the 1840s, the organized movement against drunkenness in the United States

linked alcohol to crime and poverty

In the nineteenth century, cholera epidemics in the United States

typically killed more than half of those that contracted the disease

According to the nineteenth-century “science” of phrenology, what could be discerned from the shape of an individual’s skull?

character and intelligence

During the nineteenth century, the largest obstacle to improved medical care in America was the

absence of basic knowledge about disease

In the 1840s in the United States, an initial understanding of germ theory was developed by

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Prior to 1860, public education in the United States

gave the nation the highest literacy rate in the world

The nineteenth-century reformer Horace Mann believed that education should promote

democracy

The Massachusetts reformer who built a national movement for new methods of treating the mentally ill was

Dorothea Dix

Prior to 1860, prison reform in the United States

Included the practice of solitary confinement

The nineteenth-century practice of placing American Indians on reservations was partially designed to

isolate and protect the Indians from white society, help “regenerate” them, and allow them to develop to a point where they could assimilate into white society.

abolition

The 1848 Seneca Falls, New York, convention on women’s rights

Issued a manifesto patterned after the Declaration of Independence

Prior to the Civil War, the religious denomination most active in feminism was the

Quakers

Which of the following nineteenth-century leaders is primarily known for her pioneering work in the American feminist movement?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

In the early nineteenth century, the American Colonization Society

was founded by Virginians who opposed slavery

The American Colonization Society helped to transport blacks from the United States to

Liberia

William Lloyd Garrison believed the abolitionist movement should

stress the damage that slavery did to blacks rather than whites

Prior to the Civil War, free blacks in the North tended to be

strongly opposed to southern slavery

The black abolitionist who called for uncompromising opposition to and a violent overthrow of slavery in his 1829 An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World was

David Walker

Frederick Douglass

spent years lecturing in ENgland against slavery

In the 1840s, abolitionists in the United States constituted

a small percentage of the united states

One leading abolitionist who was murdered for his activism was

Elijah Lovejoy

In the 1830s and 1840s, abolitionists were divided

-by radicals and moderates within their ranks.
-over whether or not to use violence.
-by calls for northern and southern separation.
-over the question of female equality.

In the 1840s, William Lloyd Garrison spoke against

defensive wars

The Supreme Court ruling in Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

led to the passage of “personal liberty” laws

Prior to the Civil War, the Liberty Party

promoted “free soil”

The effect of Uncle Tom’s Cabin on the nation was to

spread the message of abolitionism to an enormous new audience

The mid-nineteenth-century “age of reform” was characterized by a simultaneous attraction to ideas of both personal liberty and social order.

TRUE

Above all, nineteenth-century reform movements in the United States promoted racial equality.

FALSE

Hudson River school artists felt America had more promise than Europe.

TRUE

Many of the Hudson River school artists expressed a nostalgic view of nature.

TRUE

James Fenimore Cooper thought Americans should become more like Europeans.

FALSE

Herman Melville was less exuberant in his celebration of America than was Walt Whitman.

true

Edgar Allan Poe’s writings focused on the bleak nature of the human spirit and emotion.

true

Mark Twain was the leading writer in the southern romantic tradition.

false

American transcendentalists borrowed heavily from European thinkers.

true

Ralph Waldo Emerson was both a minister and a transcendentalist philosopher.

true

Henry David Thoreau favored the solitary life, but not civil disobedience.

false

Both Brook Farm and New Harmony were essentially failures as communal experiments.

true

The Oneida Community sought to redefine gender roles and engage in “free love”.

false

Both the Oneida Community and the Shakers were committed to celibacy.

false

Like other mid-nineteenth-century experiments in social organization, Mormons believed in human perfectibility.

true

The Mormons were forced to abandon their settlement at Nauvoo due to persecution from neighbors.

true

Evangelical Protestantism was at odds with the reform spirit of the pre-Civil War period.

false

Those alarmed by immigration in the mid-nineteenth century were often drawn to the temperance movement.

true

Nearly a quarter of the population of New Orleans died in 1833 as a result of a cholera outbreak.

true

Sylvester Graham encouraged people to eat more fruits and vegetables and less meat.

true

The study of the human brain through phrenology was the origin of modern psychology.

false

Most early nineteenth-century American physicians opposed medical innovations and experimentation.

true

By the 1850s, the principle of tax-supported elementary schools had been established in every state.

true

By 1860, public schools in the United States had failed to produce significant improvement in education.

false

By the beginning of the Civil War, the United States had one of the highest literacy rates of any nation of the world.

true

Horace Mann believed public education should promote both democracy and social order.

true

Reformers of the pre-Civil War period thought it was possible to rehabilitate criminals through solitary confinement.

true

Reformers believed the concept of Indian reservations was beneficial to both whites and Indians.

true

By the 1840s, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott sought to apply the equality of treatment they received in the abolition movement to all aspects of female life.

false

The Seneca Falls “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions” included a demand that women have the right to vote.

true

The American Colonization Society called for the gradual freeing of slaves and for monetary compensation to their former owners.

true

Many blacks rejected the American Colonization Society’s offer to “return” them to Africa.

true

In the North, abolitionists were a small, dissenting minority of the total population.

true

William Lloyd Garrison was assassinated for his advocacy of abolitionism.

false

William Lloyd Garrison was a harsh critic of the United States government.

true

The abolitionist cause suffered a set-back as a result of the 1842 Supreme Court ruling in Prigg v. Pennsylvania.

false

The antislavery Liberty Party never campaigned for outright abolitionism.

true

Americans in the Free-Soil movement sought to open up sections of the West to blacks.

false

The events depicted in Uncle Tom’s Cabin were taken from news accounts.

false

CHapter 12 test history

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