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Concrete language
Describes specific objects that are observable to all
Characters need two things:
Traits and context
Context
Determined the social and physical forces to what a character can do
The plot determines
How the conflict is resolved
First person
A character recounts a personal experience in his or her own words
Third person
The narrator is not a direct character in the story and does not refer to himself
Omniscient
Narrator has complete knowledge of events, thoughts and feelings
Objective
Narrators tells the events without direct insight
3 qualities that make for better reading
Concrete language, sensory description, and the active voice
Use tension to
Build suspension
Achieve tension by
Hinting at a conflict
3 components that go into choosing a context are
Setting, other characters, and conflict
Irony
Discrepancy between expectation and reality
Rhythm
The “beat” created by the sequence of stressed and unstressed syllables
3 rules or imagist poetry
Treat the subject directly, use no word that doesn’t contribute to the presentation, and compose in the sequence of the musical phrase
Langston Hughes often incorporated
Rhythms, forms, and themes of blues and jazz
Tone
The author’s attitude toward his or her readers
Imagery
Descriptive language that appeals to the senses
Mood
A pervasive emotion or atmosphere evoked by a passage of writing
Allusion
A passing reference to a person, place, or event from history or literature
Peevish
Easily irritated and argumentive
Contrived
Artificial or labored
Impudent
Rude or disrespectful
Pungent
Having an intense smell
Dialect
Local or regional speech pattern
Retrospection
Contemplating the past
Cowed
To be intimidated by a show of force
Sidle
To move carefully and slowly
Approaches of Modernism
Reality is subjective, civilization is stuck, and culture is broken
Subjective
Something that takes place within the mind of an individual and is subject to individual bias
Modernism is a __ against the past
Reaction
Ezra Pound famous for
Claiming artists had to make it new
Five qualities associated with modernist writing
Emphasis on the concrete, experimentation with form, use of symbolism, directness in the use of language, and a sense of discontinuity
Generalization
A broad statement about a group of things that attempts to draw conclusions about what they have in common
Modernism characterized by
Innovation and a break with tradition
Modernism began with these French artists
Charles Baudelaire-poet; Edouard Manet-painter; Gustave Flaubert-writer
Sigmund Freud
Austrian psychologist; theory that human behaviors came from irrational and unconscious desires helped shape the modern era
Karl Marx
German philosopher; influenced the development of communism through this theories of class warfare and critiques of capitalism
Albert Einstein
Physicist; theory of relativity
Marx’s theories suggest that western society was based on
The exploitation of workers and capitalists
Theory of relativity undermined the view that
Time and space were not absolute
Prominent voices of the first wave
Amy Lowell, TS Elliot, Ezra Pound, Carl Sandburg, William Carlos Williams, Wallace Stevens, and Hilda Doolittle
The second wave of modernism began after
WW1
Fiction writers associated with second wave
Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, Edith Wharton, Ellen Glasgow, John Dos Passos, and Sherwood Anderson
People associated with Harlem Renaissance
Duke Ellington, James Van Der Zee, Marcus Garvey, Langston Hughes, and WEB DuBois
Modernist poets tended toward
Free verse poetry, concrete language
Linear narrative
Chronological order
Modernist fiction writers tended toward discontinuous narrative, multiple narrators, stream of consciousnesses
…
Discontinuous
Events are jumbled
Stream of consciousness
Writing style that attempts to capture inner thought process of a character
Idiom
Consists of expressions, figures of speech, or specialized vocabulary particular to a a language, region, or group
Language changes both
Over time and from place to place
Sub – dialect is tied to
Race and ethnicity
Idioms include
Figures of speech
Hemingway is know for his __ style
Terse
Economy of fiction
Writing style where only the right words are used
Common aspects of hemingway’s writing
Economy of fiction, characterization through dialogue, the compression of events through time, and the use of symbolism
In a Hemingway story the narrator seems
Detached of purely observant
Zora Neale Hurston
Author, anthropologist, folklorist
Hurston uses language that is sometimes
Offensive
5 hallmarks of modernism
Use of symbolism, directness in the use of language, a sense of discontinuity, an emphasis on the concrete, and experimentation with form
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