AP PSYCH UNIT 7B 2

Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates

As he attempted to spell the word receive, Tim reminded himself i before e except after c. Tim’s self-reminder best illustrates the use of

Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad’s key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

In trying to figure out how to copy and paste an item into a document, Arlene could try all possible key combinations or she could check the pull-down menus, a much faster way to solve her problem.

Arlene is relying on

The components of creativity include

Whenever Arlo reminded himself that his musical skills could earn him fame and fortune, he became less creative in his musical performance.

This best illustrates that creativity may be inhibited by

The most creative scientists are those who

People have a tendency to search for information that supports their preconceptions. What do psychologists call this tendency?

The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to

The tendency to search for information consistent with our preconceptions is called

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs.

Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano’s surveillance strategy best illustrates

University students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the three-number sequence 2-4-6. After generating sets of three numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they typically convinced themselves of the wrong rule. Their errors best illustrated the impact of

Jahmal cites his cousin Luana’s many car accidents as evidence that women are worse drivers than men. He overlooks the fact that his wife and three daughters have had far fewer car accidents than he and his two sons. Jahmal’s prejudicial conclusion about women’s driving skills best illustrates the effects of

Business managers are more likely to track the career achievements of those they once hired than the accomplishments of those they once rejected. This best illustrates

Myra has such low self-esteem that she typically expects critical comments about her appearance and behavior. Myra’s behavior best illustrates the dangers of

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce

The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called

Brainstorming sessions that encourage people to spontaneously suggest new and unusual solutions to a problem are designed to avoid

Some people are unable to arrange six matches to form four equilateral triangles because they fail to consider a three-dimensional arrangement. This best illustrates the effects of ________ on problem solving

Kevin so frequently uses threats to get his children to help with household chores that he fails to recognize that using rewards would be more effective in gaining their cooperation. Kevin’s shortsightedness best illustrates

In elementary school and high school, Charlie got away with copying his test answers from classmates. Because the college has test proctors who are very observant, Charlie spends as many hours devising new ways to cheat as it would take him to study and perform well in an honest fashion. Charlie’s strategy for passing tests illustrates the consequences of

A mental set is a

A mental set is most likely to inhibit

The tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called

Marlene forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip, so she spent a very uncomfortable and restless night. Unfortunately, she never thought of using her down-filled jacket as a pillow. Marlene’s oversight best illustrates

Raul and Sophia were having a picnic when it started to rain. They did not think of using their big plastic tablecloth as a temporary rain shelter and so were drenched within minutes. Their oversight best illustrates

Which of the following best illustrates confirmation bias?

Which of the following best illustrates functional fixedness?

When given a candle, tacks, and a box of matches and asked to mount the candle on a wall, people often fail to think of using the matchbox as a candleholder. This best illustrates

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of

Miss Jan De Jong is orderly, neat, fairly quiet, and shy. She enjoys reading in her spare time and belongs to a social club that includes three librarians, nine real estate agents, and eight social workers. A tendency to conclude that Jan must be one of the three librarians would illustrate the powerful influence of

Mistakenly concluding that the forgetful acts of an older person must be indicative of Alzheimer’s disease best illustrates the impact of

Jacquelyn suffered symptoms so similar to those associated with appendicitis that she erroneously concluded that she needed to have her appendix removed. Jacquelyn’s conclusion best illustrates the influence of

Judging the likelihood that things fall into a certain category on the basis of how well they seem to match a particular prototype refers to the use of the

Jerome believes that his 4-year-old grandson is a hyperactive child because the boy’s constant movement resembles Jerome’s prototype of hyperactivity. Jerome’s

Because Ken is 64, people often mistakenly assume that he must be a member of his high school basketball team. This mistaken judgment best illustrates the impact of

Dr. Bloomfield’s patient was complaining of feeling worthless, lethargic, and uninterested in typically enjoyable activities. Dr. Bloomfleld simply matched those few symptoms with the textbook definition of depression and diagnosed the patient as depressed. However, her diagnosis may be incorrect as she may be ignoring other pertinent information. Dr. Bloomfield’s potential misdiagnosis is likely due to which of the following?

The danger of using the representativeness heuristic is that it may lead us to

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called the

Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it’s easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of

A televised image of a starving child had a greater impact on Mr. White’s perception of the extensiveness of world hunger than did a statistical chart summarizing the tremendous scope of the problem. This suggests that his assessment of the world hunger problem is influenced by

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by a fire, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners’ policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

A single, memorable case of welfare fraud has a greater impact on estimates of the frequency of welfare abuse than do statistics showing that this case is actually the exception to the rule. This illustrates that judgments are influenced by the

Many people overestimate how long they actually remain awake during restless nights because their moments of wakefulness are easier to recall than their moments of sleep. This best illustrates the impact of

After learning that her two best friends had lost their jobs, Mariah began to grossly overestimate the national unemployment rate. Mariah’s reaction best illustrates the consequences of

State lottery officials send residents a facsimile of a contest-winning check for over $5 million to encourage them to imagine themselves as possible winners. The lottery promoters are most clearly exploiting the influence of

Many people underestimate the number of nonfatal heart attacks because they are not as memorable as fatal heart attacks. This illustrates the shortcoming of relying on

Tapes of abducted and brutalized children may lead many parents to experience exaggerated fears of letting their children walk to school. The exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

Lyle was asked if more words start with the letter r, or have r as the third letter. Since he could think of more words that started with r, he concluded that must be the correct answer. Lyle’s reasoning best illustrates

The indelible memories of the 9/11 terrorist tragedy unduly inflated many people’s estimates of the risks associated with air travel. This best illustrates the importance of

Which of the following best accounts for people’s greater fear of commercial air flights than of driving an automobile?

In suggesting that our ancestral history has prepared us to fear snakes, psychologists are emphasizing that what we fear is influenced by

Smokers with a greater fear of flying than of smoking’s toxicity best illustrate that we often have a greater fear of risks that are