H2S BTF Processing Mechanism

Conventional, the main component of a BTFs system including microorganisms community, biofilms, and packing material. The mechanism treatment of H2S by BTFs quite complex, the gas stream through the biofilm where the H2S mass transfer process occurs, and contact between gas phase and liquid phase. Then it is decomposed by microorganisms community (primarily sulfur-oxidizing bacteria), by-products are obtained by settle tank and used in agriculture activities. The microorganisms are cultured by bioreactors then they are transferred into the bed filter by counter-current model while the biogas stream upward as presented in Fig 1.

After a period of operation, the microorganisms grow on packing material and biofilm formation. The microorgansim and biofilm are considered the engines of the H2S biodegradation process.

So far, the scientists have applied BTFs technology with the purpose sinificant removal of H2S in industrial scales such as the Thiopaq process and the Biorupic process. Although BTFs more advantages than other methods, BTFs encountered limitations such as complex structures, complex operation, low mass transfer rate, the biggest problem the biogas clogging by excess biomass accumulation and biogas diluted.

Apart from those problems, the efficiency of BTFs system is effected by the other factors comprising pH, the microorganisms, temperature, dissovle oxygen, trickling liquid velocity, EBRT, inlet H2S concentration, and packing material. Among them, the inlet concentration, EBRT, and the flow rates or gas flow can be easily calibrated, however, the remaining parameters difficult to control and calculate because they usually change during the H2S oxidation process.

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To monitoring and evaluation of the H2S oxidation performance, the researchers have used the following recipes during the process. where volume of the BTF (m3 ) is the Vbed (m3), Q is the gas flow rate (m3h-1), and Cin and Cout are the inlet and outlet concentrations of the gas pollutant (ppm), respectively. The aim of this review paper is to focus on the removal of single H2S by BTFs, the factors affecting the operation performance of BTFs. We believe that this literature will useful information for the scientist who needs more reference in removal of H2S in biogas using BTFs. Table 1 showed the omparison between BTFs and chemical physics methods with removal of odorous gases.