Evolution Of Health Care

In the early nineteenth century, care for the sick, birthing, and dying were all part of domestic life, whereas hospitals were places of last option for those without families or caring neighbors. Families that were financially fit hired doctors, midwives, or nurses to deliver care in the patient’s home when assistance was required. As discussed in a previous assessment of Health Care Evolution it was Found how sophistication in technology and New Findings in Pathology of Diseases helped in Evaluating New Possibilities that Increased the Life Expectancy of People around the nation with new ways coming forward.

From the beginning of the 1990s to the start of the 2000 millennium united states witnessed various historical changes that highlighted America’s role on the international stage, with great recession hitting world economies and humor, the financial crunch certainly brought various government policies into question and pivotal health-related policies were in jeopardy. By the end of the nineteenth century, benevolent ladies across the United States were creating organizations to send trained nurses into the homes of the sick poor to prevent and provide care that spread dangerous contagious diseases.

Since the beginning, these organizations encountered the vexed question of the chronic patients: how chronically ill-deserved care was and how long can they be treated due to the fact of financial stability.

Therefore, they came up with the theory that limiting care to the acutely ill good nursing could be quickly returned to the care of their families because this was the most cost-effective investment.

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New Possibilities that Increased Life Expectancy of People around the nation with new ways coming forward among which Public nurse was one and Lina Lavanceh was appointed as the first Public nurse in New York City is the first of its kind in the nation in 1902. Us president Clinton proposes the health security act of 1993 which was viewed by various humanitarian agencies as the best in the last four decades for highlighting the need to provide affordable health care to all. This policy was short-lived as an association of American congress rejects and dissolves the bill in 1994 questioning its credibility. The health insurance portability and accountability act was signed into law in 1996 projecting health insurance coverage for employees changing or losing their jobs, such policies required huge government spending resulting in the passing of the balanced budget act of 1997 by the American congress. Nursing healthcare saw a drastic change in the period before the assassination of then-president john f Kennedy; most of his public policies were in question after his humor being president he was well known for his positive stance towards improving the being’ health care system. Following his death succeeding president Lyndohelpsn b. Johnson followed his suit in improving the healthcare system and implemented various healthcare improvement initiatives that paved the way for the “Health Professions Educational Assistance Amendments of 1965” Providing much-needed financial assistance to disadvantaged nursing students furthermore he enacted Medicaid and Medicare legislation and profession. discussed

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

By the end of the nineteenth century, benevolent ladies across the United States were creating organizations to send trained nurses into the homes of the sick poor to prevent and provide care that spread dangerous contagious diseases. Since the beginning, these organizations encountered the vexed question of the chronic patients: how chronically ill-deserved care was and how long can they be treated due to the fact of financial stability. Therefore, they came up with the theory that limiting care to the acutely ill good nursing could be quickly returned to the care of their families because this was the most cost-effective investment. So, people started taking services from the practice of midwifery—a person who helps women in childbirth and delivering babies—Since this became a common profession for women, and, most births took place at home. Until the mid-eighteenth century, Western medicine was based on the ancient Greek principle of ‘ four touches of humor’—blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile, they assume that balancing these among the senses of humor was the key to health; they think too much or too little of the fluids was the cause for the disease. A variety of plants and herbs were also highly regarded as a healing power for cold, hot, dry, and wet. People also started preferring ‘bone-setters’ and surgeons for body fractures where most of whom had no formal training, by the year 1909 the financial circumstances were dramatically improved with the establishment of an insurance policy known as the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (MLI) for home nursing care for their policyholders. The main principle of MLIs was to contract with the visiting nurse associations restoration of health and work of policyholders.

Then by the 1920s, there began a dramatic upward trend in mortality since the proportion of elderly in the population rose in chronic disease. Firstly, studied in 1928, it remained an unresolved policy dilemma in the United States, results showed that from an insurance perspective they can overcome the drawback of the financial crisis. Later a new question raised and was – who would provide day-to-day care for the growing numbers of patients that failed to get well or die? In 1935, a new policy was created known as Old Age Assistance (Social Security) which rebalanced the care for chronically ill patients. By the 1930s and 1940s, there was a new argument going on that how the demands of the chronically ill were compromising the capacity of hospitals, and they concluded that home care could provide a less expensive preferred, and alternative to hospital care. Again, there came the question ‘How to pay for such care. In the end, in the 1960s home care was included in the Medicare, Medicaid, and the Older Americans Act. By the 1990s, Medicare, a program that was designed to meet the needs of short-term acute illness was now providing long-term care to ill patients. On October 1, 1997, the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 radically transformed the Medicare home-care benefit enacted in 1965. By Twenty-first-century and mid-twentieth-century technology promises to continue changing the nature, costs of healthcare, and complexity such as gene therapy that is used by the health care system to an extent and prevents genetically caused diseases. The Further invention of new technologies, such as x-rays, antibiotics, vaccines, and surgical advances changed early. New Possibilities that Increased Life Expectancy of People around the nation with new ways coming forward among which Public nurse was one and Lina Lavanceh was appointed as the first Public nurse in New York City is the first of its kind in the nation in 1902. Soon the government passed the registration act in 1903, during further upcoming years the Government of the United States Passes a resolution which limited nurse practitioners working hours to 8 hours a day in 1913 which was soon exempted during the start of world war I in 1917 with the entry of United States into the war Siding with Allies.

All the events that led to world war I created more prospectus in the healthcare system which enabled huge ranks for Army Nurses around the Nation and brought light on their role in healthcare even at critical places like Frontlines. The Great Influenza Pandemic that engulfed the entire world in 1918 took the lives of hundreds of American student nurses working in hospitals as they subsequently contracted influenza, this event questioned the Health care systems’ credibility in safeguarding the Nurse students working at hospitals and Healthcare facilities. In 1929 the stock market crashed relatively pulling the entire nation into financial depression, therefore, reducing the Prospectus of New Insurance Companies Coming up. By 1935 there was a major change in the Health care system as the acting congress committee passed the social security act under the federal government’s relief program. This event led to an increase in the no of nurses working at Health Care Facilities from one to seven in 1936, Various drastic changes were adopted in the health care system in the later subsequent years leading to an increase in Life Expectancy throughout America as this offered increased Nursing care while the Bolton Act of 1943 was another major event as it provided financial assistance and aid for Nurse Education. In 1945 American President Roosevelt passed a resolution increasing the number of nurses available for Military Services during the start of world war 2 enabling services of more than 77,800 nurses for the Military Health Care System, this Move was strongly denounced by the Opposition. During the next following year of 1946, the congress Passed Hospital survey and construction Act defying opposition, providing state Financing for the renovation and construction of Hospitals across America providing Much Needed Finance to the Hospitalist and Health centers. Breakthrough in the Healthcare Industry was far Apart until the Introduction of 2 years degree program for Nursing in 1952 and the opening of critical care units across the country in 1953. many Historians believe that drastic changes in Healthcare that took place during this year steeped the status of Nursing in Individual Care Leading to the Implementation of the Nurse Training Act of 1964. In 1965 the Medicare and Medicaid program are signed into law by President JohnsonStates. During those days many Lawmakers Emphasized the need to provide Financial Assistance to Women willing to enroll in Nursing hence, Paving a way for Scholarship Grants to more than 16000 nursing students in 1967. Between 1902 to 1967 major wars broke out throughout the world but the United States suit defied it and emphasized healthcare more accordingly despite pressure from outside and opposition, during the next consecutive years health witnessed many drastic changes that are viable even today.

Nursing healthcare saw a drastic change in the period before the -president the suit the suitassassination of then-president john f Kennedy; most of his public policies were in question after his demise being people’s president he was well known for his positive stance towards improving health care system. Following his death  president Lyndon b. Johnson followed in improving the health care system and implemented various healthcare improvement initiatives that paved the way for “Health Professions Educational Assistance Amendments of 1965” Providing much-neededInCreatingthen-president needed in creating financial assistance to disadvantaged nursing students furthermore he enacted Medicaid and Medicare recreating creating isolation and profession. In 1967 nursing educational opportunities grants program is launched providing $8.4 million in scholarships to more than 16000 students that way in creating creatin the way for the establishment of the American Association of colleges nurses in 1969. Many were keen on understanding the basic definition of nursing and in the next following years, the   Laverne-Pisani Act of 1972 (New York) is passed providing the definition and Statutory authority for creating health independent practice for all professional nurses. Even after improving the creating creating healthathecreatinghealth care system through various initiatives,  there was   organizationsserious shortage of nurses in certain areas of medicine like cancer care thus compelling the government to provide special financial assistance to nurses working in serious shortage areas through the professional education Act of 1976. Jimmy Carter comes to power as the 39th President of the UNITED STATES and soon curbed the expenditures on nurse training which was reversed after nurses strongly refuted his move in protests that swept the country in 1978. To reverse the views of his past actions president carter passed nursewhichthe training amendments act of 1979. American nurse association releases the social policy statement of 1980. The increased Academy number of hospitals throughout the AcademyorganizationsUS brought various ranking hospitals into comparison based on the working environment conditions, over the pretext of this American AcademyorganizationsServices of nurses releases the list of forty-on forty-one organizations hospitals under the banner “Magnet Hospitals” of 1982. Although various nursi’90nd organization came up after the 1960sa  there was a need to establish a Servicesresearch center for nursing and come out with a graduate program in nursing, keeping theseServices criteria into consideration the national institute of nursing research is established in the  1’90s,th and Human services secretary Louis Sullivan establishes a 90scommission on the national nursing shortage focusing 90s on Decemberdecember 8number of areas, career development and retention of nurses in 1 90’s was the era of the internet providing information even in the remote areas of the country; computer technology was widely implemented throughout the nation. During 1991’s US Invasion of Iraq vDecemberrious skilled nurses were dispatched to Military bases to care for the seriously injured. President Clinton’s health security act proposed in 1993 was viewed by various supporters as the best in forty years to increase the health care for all Americans.

But was rejected in dissolved in 1994 by congress. Later years saw drastic changes in health care systems due to a boom in globalization and sophistication in technologies and widespread use of the internet. From the beginning of the 1990s to the start of the 2000 millennium united states witnessed various historical changes that highlighted America’s role on the international stage, with the Decembergreat recession hitting world economies and us in particular, the financial crunch Decembercovers brought various government policies into question and pivotal health-related policies were in jeopardy. Us president Clinton proposes the health security act of 1993 which was viewed by various humanitarian agencies as the best in the last four decades for highlighting the need to provide affordable health care to all. This policy was short-lived as an association of American congress rejected and dissolves the bill in 1994 questioning its credibility.

Three historical policies from colonial times till now:

Policy 1. Medicare: This is one of the federal programs which provides health insurance for people ages about 65 and above and for people who are with disabilities. President Lyndon Johnson signed this program into law on July 30.1965. Medicare consists of 4 parts part A to part D. where part A is considered universal for anyone receiving social security benefits that cover hospitalization and nursing facilities. Physician and outpatient services, such as doctor visits, x-rays, laboratory, the, etc. are covered by Part B Wherein Part C was signed by President Clinto5, 1997offeredn as the Balanced Budget Act on August 997 this offers all traditional Medicare benefits such as dental benefits and vision care. President George W. Bush signed Part D as a Decembercovers 8Medicare prescription drug that came in the overflow-income3, december 8.

The first Medicare card was received by Former President Harry Truman.

Policy 2. Medicaid: this policy is signed by Lyndon Johnson and Harry Truman on July 30, December 1965. this prograprovidesa m provide medical insurance to low-income people and people with disability. This mediacy eligibility, benefits, and administration are managed by the states within federal guidelinescoverslow-income. The children’s health insurance program (CHIP) is related to Medicaid which organizationsan the children of ’90sa  parents.