Describe the Han dynasty in China
-ruled by Han family
-strong, centralized government based on Confucian ideas
-territory doubled, population increase
-arts and scientists increased
-Buddhism reached from India
-silk road
-Rome became leading world power by conquering Greeks.
-Christianity spread
-rivalries
Literary analysis presents a reader’s ____________ of a work of literature and supports that __________ with appropriate responses, details, and quotations.
interpretation;interpretation
goosefoot
a type of plant with leaves that look like the feet of geese
seditious
actions or words that encourage rebellion
Taoist
a follow of Taoism, a belief system that emphasizes humility and harmony with nature
mettle
a persons character or courage
spans
a span is about 9 inches
libation
the pouring of a drink as an act of respect
filial
of or due from a child
Luo Guanzhong
from the city of Taiyuan in north central China.
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on the story on stories in the oral tradition.
almost all of his works were fictionalized accounts of historical events.
draws upon stories set in the Han dynasty of eastern China. The Han rulers had grown weak and courtiers had assumed control of the government.
corruption… honors those who remain to the government and uphold tradition.
The Three Kingdoms
Luo Guanzhong
P’u Yi
the last emperor of china; become emperor at 3.
his reign ended in 1911 when he was forced to give up his title. although he was dethroned, his lifestyle for the next decade and a half.
European colonialism was destabilizing to china’s imperial rule, and it weakened the thrones authority and control over the country.
euphemism
word or phrase used in the place of another word or phrase that may be offensive or unpleasant.
“the nice way of saying a bad thing”
connivance
complicity;secret cooperation
dispensary
medicine store; place where medicines are stored and distributed
motley
varied; miscellaneous
pomp
splendor; show of magnificence
prerogative
right; special privilege
prodigious
tremendous; monstrous
retinue
following; entourage (entourage is a real word: a group of people who go with and assist an important person)
thesis statement
a. do not summarize the work of literature
b. do not make general statements
c. do not make a point you can’t support
d. do not compare the literature to another worked that is not relevant.
e. ovoid stating obvious facts
f. specific terminology
conclusion
relates to the thesis
reiterate key points
closing argument
From Emperor to Citizen
Aisin-Gioro P’u Yi
Aisin-Gioro P’u Yi
last emperor of China; at age 3 resumed his title, but the Republican Revolution 4 years later forced him to relinquish his throne
He was allowed to retain his title, money and home in the Forbidden City. In 1924, he and his family were forced at gunpoint to flee China. He was charged with war crimes, and imprisoned in Communist China. He got released and got a new career as a mechanic in a public garden until death.
tone
his attitude toward the subject he is writing about
sources of a readers response to literature
individuals characteristics–age, sex, and personality
cultural or ethnic origins, attitudes and customs
personal opinions, beliefs, and values
life experiences and general knowledge
knowledge of literature and literary genres
knowledge of the historical and social climate in which an author has written a work
reading and language skills
italics
printed letters that slant to the right.
letters, numbers and words when they are used to represent themselves. (“You never cross your *t’s* or write your *2s* correctly.”)
foreign words that are not generally used in English.
titles of long written or musical works that are published as a single unit. titles of paintings and sculptures and the names of vehicles.
Quotation Marks
come in pairs; placed at the beginning and at the end of uninterrupted quotations and certain titles.
the titles of smaller parts of a long work should be enclosed in these.
to enclose titles of chapters, articles, stories, one-act plays, short poems, and songs.
sources of a readers response to literature
individuals characteristics–age, sex, and personality
cultural or ethnic origins, attitudes and customs
personal opinions, beliefs, and values
life experiences and general knowledge
knowledge of literature and literary genres
knowledge of the historical and social climate in which an author has written a work
reading and language skills
What does “Losing Face” Mean?
losing your social standing or honor. It can be lost in a society or group due to unfair circumstances, mis-perceptions, or mistakes.
Cultural Revolution, 1960’s China
brutal period of censorship and repression.
people were imprisoned and banished under Chairman Mao’s attempts to scrub his country of an non-Communist influences and his political enemies.
the communist party forced strict conformity in lifestyle and beliefs.
In the Cultural Revolution in China,
How did Mao keep control of his people?
banishing members of the Cultural Revolution to desolate areas of China, burning books written by revolutionaries, and forcing revolutionaries to attend seld-criticism meetings that abused participants.
In China,
How are modern realities challenging the Communist party’s rule?
Freedom of thought challenges communism’s commitment to the state and that democracy positively associated with feelings of respect.
conjectures
guesses;suppositions
debunked
disproved;deflated
flummoxed
confounded;confused
incorguous
incompatible;odd
indefatigable
tireless;inexhaustible
microcosm
little world; miniature representation
officious
intrusive; meddlesome
plausible
believable;likely
prizing
prying;forcing open
The Tall Woman and Her Short Husband
Feng Ji-cai
Feng Ji-cai
professional basketball player until an injury put an end to that career.
he focused on writing, producing novels, short stories, scripts and nonfiction.
he studies Chinese history ad culture.
explained that writing can be just reporting but an intellectual considers wider matters–such as the culture, the past and the future.
Characterization
the way in which an author creates and develops a character utilizing exposition, dialogue and action.
Face in China
Face represents a person’s reputation and feelings of prestige within multiple circles, including the workplace, the family, personal friends, and society at large. There is a individual view, community view, and ctions.
Individual Face in China
pertains to tha mount of prestige individuals feel based on their acconomplishments, and the amount of respect they feel is their due based upon their position and status, such as in a company or society.
the respect a perin is due is determined first by status relative to anothers, not necessarily by individual achievements.
Community View in China
pertains to the amount of respect individuals feel that they need to give someone else based upon that persons position or status, such as in a business, family unit or within a group or friends.
Actions View in china
pertain to the various activities that can cause an individual to gain or lose Face.
Based upon ones position relative to anothers, several differ actions can be employed to either cause a loss or gain of Face.
in some cases these actions that can cause a gain or loss of Face are used as tactics by the Chinese to achieve a specific result.
plot
the events that lead up to a climax and to an outcome that resolves a central conflict
characters
people in the story who advance the plot through their thoughts and actions
dialogue
the conversations among characters that reveal their personalities, actions and motivations or reasons for behaving as they do
tone
the writers attitude toward her or his characters
point of view
the “voice” telling the story–first erson, or third person (he or she)
theme
main idea or message of the story
persona
the person whose voice is saying the poem, revealing the character the poet is assuming
meter
pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in each line
rhyme scheme
attern of rhymed sounds usually at the ends of lines
sound devices
techniques for playing with sounds to create certain effects such as alliteration and onomatopoeia.
figures of speech
imaginative language, such as similes, and metaphors, which creates images by making comparisons
shape
the way a poem looks on the printed page, which may contribute to the underlying meaning of the poets thoughts and feelings
themes
the underlying meaning of a poem
synthesizing
combining or bringing together
AABB aka whole by whole pattern of organization
make all your oints about poem A, then make all the points about the poem B
ABAB point by point
make one point about both literary works, and then discuss how the tone of poem a is similar to or differ from that of poem b…then move on to take another point about the poems
independent clause
can stand alone as a sentence
subordinate clause
cannot stand alone as a sentence
adjectival clause
subordinate clause that is used as an adjective to describe a noun or pronoun…add info to sentences by answering questions, such as which one?what kind? and how many?
direct quotation
exact words of a person; enclosed in quotation marks;begin each sentence of a direct quotation with a capital letter. use a comma to separate a direct quotation from a speaker tag.
quotation marks
enclose a persons exact words
indirect quotation
paraphrase of someones words… quotation marks are not used…
when a question or an exclamatory sentence contains a direct quotation the question mark or the exclamation point goes outside the closing quotation marks. placing the end mark outside the quotation marks shows that the whole sentence rather than the quotation, is a question or an exclamatory statement.
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