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In conclusion my percent recovery of copper was 100% due to the adequate amounts of solutions and achievement of proper chemical reactions. Equipment and Materials: Copper Metal (penny) Nitric Acid (HON..)(aqua) Sodium Hydroxide (Noah)(aqua) sulfuric ACid Ammonium Hydroxide (NH)(aqua) Hydrochloric Acid (HCI)(aqua) Zinc powder 2 100 ml Beakers 250 ml Waste Beaker 400 ml Beaker Filter paper Plastic Dropper 250 ml Erlenmeyer Flask Forceps Plastic Funnel Red Litmus paper Spatula Steel Wool Glass stirring rod Small test tube Tongs Wash bottle Watch Glass Procedure: l.
Weigh a pre-1982 penny (should be around 3 grams) II.
Measure ml of concentrated nitric acid, HON..(aqua), into a 100 ml beaker under a fume hood. Place penny into the beaker of nitric acid and observe the reaction. After 5 seconds remove penny with forceps and place into second beaker.
Ill. Add approximately ml of denizen water into second beaker to remove any remaining copper ion traces and place rinse into first beaker with nitric acid. Record your observations of the copper (II) nitrate, Cue(NON)2. Dry and weigh the penny to see how much of the copper mass was removed. IV. Pour the solution from the first beaker into a clean 250 ml beaker while inside the fume hood.
The Copper Cycle Lab Answers
Rinse the first beaker thoroughly and pour the rinse with the solution in the 250 ml beaker.
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V. Add 6 drops of Sodium Hydroxide, Noah(aqua), to the 250 ml beaker until a precipitate is formed. Test the solution with litmus paper by adding small amounts of sodium hydroxide to the solution until the solution is basic. Record your observations of copper (II) hydroxide, Cue(OH)2. VI. Place the 250 ml beaker on a hot plate and occasionally stir the mixture during heating. Heat mixture until the solution turns completely black. Additional heating will help indicate a chemical reaction has occurred.
Record your observations of copper (II) oxide, CLIO. Turn off hot plate and carefully remove the beaker with the forceps. Allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. While waiting for the mixture to cool prepare a suction filtration set. VII. Once cooled, pour the mixture into the Boucher funnel to filter the precipitate. Rinse out the beaker and pour the rinse into the Boucher funnel. (Filtrate, solution that goes through the filter, should be clear) Empty the filtrate ND rinse the filter flask with denizen water (while the precipitate is still in the Boucher Funnel) Replace the funnel over the cleaned filter flask.
VIII. Carefully add 6 drops of Sulfuric Acid, HOSES(aqua), and gently stir the Bunker Funnel until the precipitate is completed reacted away. Then wash the filter paper with a small amount of denizen water. Remove the Boucher Funnel and pour the filtrate into a clean 250 ml beaker. Record your observations of copper (II) sulfate, Cuscus. IX. Add a spatula tip quantity of zinc powder to the filtrate in the 250 ml beaker under the fume hood. Do not inhale the fumes) Add zinc powder until the solution turns clear. Reaction is complete, takes 8-10 minis) Record your observations of copper metal. X. Add a few drops of ammonium hydroxide, NH, to a small test tube. Place a drop of the solution from the previous step into the test tube using a plastic dropper. If you see a deep blue color add more zinc powder until there is no change in color of the solution in the test tube. XSL. Inside the fume hood, add a good amount of Hydrochloric Acid, HCI(aqua), to the solution in the 250 ml beaker to remove excess zinc. (accelerate reaction by eating if the reaction appears slow) XII.
Take the 250 ml beaker to your lab bench. Set up a gravity filtration with a plastic funnel, folded wet filter paper, and an Erlenmeyer flask. Pour the content in the 250 ml beaker slowly through the filter paper. Wash the filter paper with denizen water. Dispose of the filtrate in the proper labeled waste container. XIII. Carefully remove the copper metal from the filter paper onto the watch glass. (with a spatula) Place a 400 ml beaker on a hot plate contained with water. Carefully place the watch glass before the water boils to dry the copper metal.
Use the tongs to handle the hot watch glass) XIV. Record your observations of the dried, cooled copper metal and weigh the recovered copper. Data Collection and Observations: started with elemental copper metal and then reactions occur step by step as follows: I Experimental stage | 1. Copper metal (penny) at the start brownish, copper-colored, fine solid. Observations I Tarnished, worn out, 1 12. Recovered, wet copper metal after reaction with nitric I Light brown to greenish blue, liquid, worn out, disconsolation. I nitrate, I I acid, HON..(aqua) 1 13. Rope of Sodium Hydroxide, Noah, into copper-containing I Greenish- blue crystals forming, misty, cloudy, liquid. I I solution (Cue(NON)2) I hydroxide, 1 14. Dehydration of by heating and stirring the solution I Dark black, thin, tint of gray, liquid, black spots/dots, milky. I I until chemical reaction has occurred. I I(copper (II) oxide, Quo) 1 15. 6 drops of Sulfuric Acid, HOSES, onto the Quo precipitate. I Cell-shape in the middle, liquid-form, fizzy, bubbly, expanding, turns I I (copper(al) sulfate, Cuscus) 1 16. Small amount of zinc powder added to Cuscus I clear.
I Light brown, hint, fine solid, copper- colored metal) I I (recovered, wet copper 17. Copper metal filtered and dry over a boiling water bath I Fine solid, bright, shiny, light brown, disconsolation I(dried, cooled copper metal) Chemical Reactions: cue(s) + EH+(aqua) + NEON- Cue+(aqua) + NEON(g) + 21-420 (l) Cue+(aqua) + EH-(aqua) + HEAT CLIO(s) + H2O(l) cue(s) + EH+(aqua) Cue+(aqua) + H2O(l) Cue+(aqua) + Zen(s) -> Cue(s) + Zen+(aqua) Zen(S) + EH+ Zen+(aqua) + HOC) Mass of Copper before and after the Copper Cycle I Mass of penny before any reaction grams with HON..(aqua) 12. 49 grams previous masses) | . 4 grams the completion of the copper cycle 100% Results and Discussions: | 2. 53 I Mass of penny after reaction I I Mass of copper used I (difference between the two I I Mass of copper recovered at I I Percentage of copper recovered After placing the penny into the small beaker of nitric acid, the copper in the penny reacted the acid, became copper (II) nitrate (Cue(NON)2). Then, after exposing of what is left of the penny and pouring the nitrate acid into a beaker, added sodium hydroxide to the solution, forming greenish-blue crystals which were copper (II) hydroxide (Couch).
After a few minutes of adding heat to the proper (II) hydroxide mixture, the copper turned black which indicated that a chemical reaction has occurred called copper (II) oxide (Quo). Then, I filtered the Quo precipitate, rinsed out the beaker, and poured it into a Boucher funnel. I added sulfuric acid onto the Quo precipitate, forming cell-like structures and fizzing motions which were copper (II) sulfate (CUSCUS). After, I detached the Boucher funnel and poured the filtrate into a clean beaker and then added small amounts of zinc powder, which formed into a fine, light brown solid (recovered, wet copper metal).
In order to test the completion of the recovery of the copper, placed a few drops of ammonium hydroxide (NH) into a small test tube, added a drop of the recovered, wet copper metal from the previous step, and added more zinc powder until the test tube had no change in color or the test was negative. I then removed the excess zinc by adding adequate amounts of hydrochloric acid (HCI). Next, I used a gravity filtration to filter the recovered copper and dried it with a boiling water bath. Lastly, I observed the dry copper metal, which was bright, shiny, discovered, and a fine solid, and weighed it.
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