Human Development Assignement

Human Development AssignmentTaneshia Drayton PSY/280November 04, 2019Joseph GainesHuman Development AssignmentThree Known Theories

One of the top theories discussed for the life span of human development would be Erick Erickson. Erikson’s theory provided goals for the development of humans and allowed it to change if needed for a therapist’s viewpoint. The theory helped therapists when only taking into the consideration of diagnosis for “pathology and the past to include also the formation of ego skills and strengths needed for the client to move toward a specific future” (Knight, 2017, para.

Introduction). As they choose the therapists for the client, it is a good idea and explained in Erickson’s theory that the therapists must be assigned according to the persons’ age along with the psychosocial stage that the individual is in at the time of their life. He also explains that while the inner conflicts going on in life is very important to anyone life is also important to understand the broader context of how they adapt to their social life and fears, they may be carrying.

Another theory to be discussed would be the one of Freud. His theory explained the biological support (underpinnings) of the pains, visual, joy, fears and beliefs. Rather it would be conscious or unconscious “his project for a Scientific Psychology had the ‘intention to furnish a psychology that shall be a natural science: that is, to represent psychical processes as quantitatively determinate states of specifiable material particles, thus making those processes perspicuous and free from contradiction,” (Zannas, 2016, p.

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275). At the time that Freud’s theory came into place, he believed that science was too premature to test out his theories so, therefore, he wanted to destroy everything. “Freud believed that the oral and anal stages are fraught with potential conflicts,” (Berger, 2016, p. 118). Freud’s psychoanalytic theory suggests that it impacts the mental state by the two forces working against one another cathexis and anticathexis. To define “Cathexis was to say it is an investment of mental energy in a person, an idea or an object. And Anticathexis involves the ego blocking the socially unacceptable needs of the id. Repressing urges and desires are one common form of anticathexis, but it involves a significant investment of energy,” (Cherry, 2019, Personality Driving Force). 

Last, we have John Watson’s behaviorism theory in which he believed that behaviorism was the way of shaping babies into anything much like an experiment. Mostly because babies are easily influenced at a young age by their parents, experimented or any other person. Watson was one to believe that psychology should only be studied if it can be seen, measured, and observed. Watson wanted it to be known that he supported the thought of nurturing and the ability to help mold a child into what the parent may want just by them being influenced by the environment that surrounds them. In some thoughts of Watsons’ words seems contradictory because he said that kids should be nurtured yet he thinks parents should not be nurturing. Because his thoughts were that children should be treated as adults and not shown love affection nor attention because it wouldn’t be the reality of what is going on in the world. But despite his mix of thoughts, he is the reason we today know of the environment being helpful to the development of emotionally healthy children and adults. Because of John Watson not receiving the nurturing that is to be expected from parents and his much success might have been what influenced his opinion about nurturing. “Many therapists use the principles of behaviorism John B. Watson initially developed and popularized that. However, many psychologists also recognize that the views of learning advanced by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson underestimated the importance of thought or cognition” (Oelze, 2018, Lessons to Be Learned). 

Heredity and environment infl. 

It has been researched and explained that the reason for human development is that of heredity and environmental influence. A few psychologists who stand by this study would be Freud, Ellis, and Havelock. One example that has been used would be the ability of a teacher to teach knowledge to a child. A teacher being able to know about heredity and environment would help them to know the many things that a child may be required. Having this influence could also help with children in the field of education and personal this could help the teacher with providing the teaching that the child may need from studying the child accordingly. 

Conclusion

According to the research that I have looked over in multiple articles it is said that no human can be born without genes and heredity can properly develop in an environment. From the moment that a human is born, it is known that it influences them due to the many stages of life. All the aspects/ traits of a human being depend on heredity along with the environment. Today it has been realized that many therapists take pointers from principles of behaviorism because of John Watson but it is also announced that even though pointers are used from such theories, it is best to understand that some theories did not recognize the significance of thoughts and cognition.                                        

References

Berger, K. S. (2016). Invitation to the Life Span (3rd ed.). Retrieved from

Cherry, K. (2019). An Overview of Sigmund Freud’s Theories. Retrieved from

Knight, Z. G. (2017, September). A proposed model of psychodynamic psychotherapy linked to Erik Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, (1063-3995), 1-13. doi:DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2066

Oelze, P. (2018). John B. Watson And Behaviorism. Retrieved from

Zannas, A. S. (2016). Freud and the human connectome. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 134(3), 275.