Spice Chart Problems Overview

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Hey could work their way up. Their children could get an education and become middle class. The spinning wheel came mechanized. Because of this there was a huge need for weavers to weave because their job was not mechanized. The weavers soon joined the middle class. As the Industrial Revolution grew, gap shrinks and for the working class, it became hard for them to switch classes when weaving became mechanized.

Workers became unskilled and were paid less. As the new factory system came in to play the working class was affected once again.

The target workers were pauper children who were forced into semi- forced labor. Orphanages farmed them out and forced them to work. Factory Act of 1802- first act that regulated the pauper children but had no effect because no inspectors to enforce.

Factory Act of 1 833-children 14-18, 12 hour work day limit and for adults 16 hour limit. Factory owners were now required to set up schools. Prior to Industrial Revolution, cottage industry. Women and men worked alongside each other and were an economical unit but with factory work impossible to maintain house work.

So men worked in the industry and women stayed home. Still patriarchal society. Ethnic groups lived together led to easier assimilation. Tenements torn down because of health hazards. Mexico gained their independence in 1824. There were major social issues.

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There was no way for the lower class to advance and only the rich benefited from the Revolution. There were inequalities in wealth and no middle class existed. In Argentina, women could not vote, hold office, testify on court and when they married, their husband gained all her legal rights. Education slowly grew as well. Political)State-Building, Expansion and Conflict Political structures and forms of governance Empires Nations and nationalism Revolts and revolutions Regional, transactional, and global structures and organizations The working class was greatly effected because the skilled who were once alluded were replaced with machines. This resulted in the Lulled Movement which rejected new innovations and broke machines and wanted to go back to the old ways. Urban working class begins to realize their abuses. Class consciousness begins and labor movements begin.

Ap World Spice Chart

Result in an increase of trade unions and socialism Industrial Revolution began in Europe but first in Great Britain. It had rivers which provided power for the 1st factories. It had coal, textile, iron and steel. Enclosure Acts passed allowed for more land available for private use. This resulted in large, more efficient farms so no need for small farms. Many English peasants were no longer able to use the Commons for their own uses such as cattle grazing so they more to the cities. Farming also becomes less intensive. The Reasons for Revolution include many engineers for innovations, large amounts of wealth from the colonies.

A stable government to support entrepreneurs. Religious values emphasizing hard work. Large supplies of coal and iron and large numbers of people willing to work. Mexico gained their independence in 1824. General Santa Ana- Custodial in the asses. Extremely autocratic. He stormed the Alamo in Mexican American War. 1848- Treaty of Guagalupeltihildalgo ends the Mexican American War. Bonito Journey takes power and is seen as a hero (asses). Conservatives who wants the power of church, little change and a strong government versus the liberals secular government who wanted change and a federal government.

Bonito introduce La Reforms. In 1857, he set up a new constitution and wanted to cut the power Of the church. He also tried to take land from the Native Americans and sell it. This reforms had an opposite affect because the rich got the land quickly. The conservatives got made and started a reform and a civil war broke out In 1862, the French sent troops to repress the conservatives. And put Maximally Von Hapsburg on the throne. An Austrian who tried to help Mexico. He tried to bring back La Reforms and this gets Curare and his conservatives mad and the king was killed by a firing squad.

Bonito Curare comes back into power with good intentions but his reign becomes more and more autocratic in 1872. Succeeded by Profit Ditz. He becomes the leader for 35 years but is overthrown eventually. . The poor stayed poor but eventually fought back. Ditz sent out the Rules to put down a Revolution and he rigged the election for 35 years. But people became fed up with his rule and 10 year revolution begins. Argentina. SST. Martin helps them gain their independence in 1816. Juan Manuel De Rosa was the one who came into power in 1831. He maintains power till 1852.

Prior to his rule, there was a conflict between the liberals and conservatives. De Rosa was a federalist who wanted powerful local governments and favored ranchers and people living around Buenos Aries. People spoke out against him were exiled and in 1853, Alberta created a new constitution with new reforms. He believed in immigration and national unity. In the asses, Argentina prospers till the asses due to good presidents. Domingo Sacramento in 1862, famous Arthur, critical of custodial. The government was stable so foreigners invested. In the asses, socialist party forms and demand more rights, the government suppresses them.

Interaction Between Humans and the Environment Demography and disease Migration Patterns of settlement and technology Britain tried to keep the Industrial Revolution a secret till 1 825, artisans and professionals could not leave England. Stopped migration. As the new factory system came in to play the working class was affected once again. Clean villages became dark polluted industrial cities. Conditions worsened for the urban poor workers. Seamstress work- little girls go blind because little eight and kids worked in mines which stunted their growth and they were treated like animals.

Many people moved into cities. 1891-54% of the population lived in cities. Every piece of land was owned and narrow allies, had open sewers, houses were wall to wall. Edwin Chadwick sanitary idea. Cities cleaner so less death. 1880- Death rate declined because of built sewers and cities were cleaner. Serbian planning starts. 18005 public transportation builds so people could live farther away from the city. Because of the second Industrial Revolution, Europeans left homes and came to the U. S. Overall terrible living conditions. Asses. Rupee’s population is 20% of the world’s. 477 million.

In 1570, spike in population led to agricultural revolution and farmers experimented with new innovations. Great Britain by 1900 had largest level of development. Peasants war free to move so mobile. Better transportation, Europeans began migrating out of Europe. They went to the U. S. , Canada, Australia, South Africa, Brazil, and Argentina. Population between 1750 and 1850 triples in Britain. General Migration into cities. In Argentina, the Native Americans were kicked off from the Pampas. Population triples as well. 3. 5 million immigrants came. Many Italians and Russians. Italians called goldmines because migrated for the harvest.

Fusion of cultures. Cultures Religions, Belief systems, philosophies and ideologies Science and technology The arts and architecture Inventions of the Industrial Revolution -1 733-John Kay fly shuttle. One person instead of two could operate the loom. Increase in weaving output mean larger demand for yarn. -sass’s James Harvests-Spinning jenny. Mechanized spinning wheel. -1769 Richard Aright-water frame. Spin multiple treads, at first operated on water power. -sass’s firm Bolton and Watt produces a more efficient steam engine. Used to power water pumps, blast furnaces. First factories in the countryside need the water power. 1800-power loom. Mechanical Spinning overwhelmed the hand weavers. -Advancements in making of iron allowed for steam powered river boats -asses-locomotives ASSES-OR construction asses-Manchester- Liverpool Railroad. Encouraged larger factories and more sophisticated machinery. Contributed to the growth of the working class. All the major inventions of the industrial Revolution occurred in Britain. The French, Germans, Belgians didn’t make the inventions they borrowed them. Originally factories hired whole families so parents could look over children while they worked. Second Industrial Revolution. Focused more on iron and steel.

Henry Bessemer-“Bessemer Process” found a way to mass produce steel cheaply. Steel making becomes major industry. Chemical industry grows, increase of chemical by-products. Increase production of sulfuric acid, laundry soap, dye, synthetic things. Margarine-substitute of butter for poor. Application of electrical energy. Made factories more accessible, and their construction more efficient and flexible. They could now run 24/7 and did not have to be close to a water source. Carters develop, groups of companies working together to contract prices and product Automobile invented with internal combustion engine.

Nicholas Otto German inventor who built 1st 4 stroke internal combustion engine. Car companies founded. France led automobile industry. The 2nd Industrial revolution led to steel, chemicals, iron, electricity, and automobile which led to a push of new energy sources. Petroleum. Liberals. Rich men who believe all careers should be open to talent and representative government and written constitutions and freedom of press, and rights of assembly. Liberals are not pro democracy because they don’t not want the lower classes to obtain power The Iron Law of Wages.

Richard the idea that if you have low wages, the poor will never have high wages. Economic Systems Agricultural and pastoral production Trade and commerce Labor systems Industrialization Capitalism and socialism In England banks were private partnerships and investors and conservative because if investments failed they could lose everything. Continentals-bank corporations- limited liability, many investors with small stocks. Nil 815- France, Germany, Netherlands, and Belgium seer protective tariffs and encouraged the building of infrastructure. Because of the new industry, a lot of banks fail and investments slowed.

Bad weather led to European framed to compete with foreign farmers which led to lower food prices and immigrants leave cities to go to the U. S. Cottage Industry-family would buy raw wool and women would spin it into yarn and men made it into cloth. Classical Economists. The workers were considered lazy by those above them. The Wealth of Nations is considered a classical description of the market economy. Adam Smith. Natural price is the actual worth of product. Market price is what it is sold for. Invisible hand is the idea that the market is self-regulating. Forces of consumers and producers balance each other out and reach equilibrium.

Smith also believes mercantilism is bad because he thinks it’s a government monopoly. He advocates for equal and free trade without tariffs. Lassies Fairer- government should stay out of economy. Smith believes this but only if there are no monopolies. Smith believes government should intervene when monopolies happen. Socialism was common ism in the 18th century. Also Marxism. French Utopian Socialists before Karl Marx wanted a perfect civilizations. Karl Mark and Frederick Engel’s wrote The Communist Manifesto. The idea that people with social differences are at odds with each other and the cycle of the oppressor and the oppressed.