Anne Frank (full name is Annelies Marie Frank) was a Jewish girl, a native of Germany, who was hiding with her family in the Netherlands from the Nazi terror after Hitler came to power. The author of the famous “Diary of Anne Frank,” which is a document condemning Nazism translated into many languages, Anne Frank and her family were among the most famous victims of Nazism.
She was born in Frankfurt am Main, in an assimilated Jewish family. After Hitler came to power and the victory of the Nazi Party in municipal elections in Frankfurt in 1933, the Frank family emigrated to Amsterdam, where Anne’s father became director of the joint-stock company «Opekta».
In May 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. July 6, 1942 Anne Frank’s family moved into the shelter, which had been arranged by the Opekta staff at Prinsengracht 263. The enter into the shelter was disguised in a cabinet with documents. There Anne kept a diary in form of letters written in Dutch.
She wrote these letters to her imaginary friend Kitty. Every day, in her letters, she told her about what happened with her and with the other inhabitants of asylum. Anna has made her first entry in the diary on 12 June 1942, the last was written on 1 August 1944. In the spring of 1944, Anna decided to write a novel based on the diary. She began to rewrite and edit her diary, continuing to write new entries. On 4 August 1944, the house where the Frank family was hiding, was searched by the Gestapo and Dutch police.
All eight people hiding in the shelter were placed in the Westerbork transit concentration camp, and then they were deported to Auschwitz.
In 1945, when Soviet troops were about a hundred kilometers from the camp, Anna, and the other prisoners were transferred to Bergen-Belsen. There, she fell ill and died. The exact date of the death of the girl is unknown.
The only member of the family, the survivors of the Nazi camps, was Anne’s father, Otto Frank. After the war, he returned to Amsterdam, and in 1953 he moved to Basel, Switzerland. He died in 1980.
Anne Frank’s diary has become one of the 35 sites inscribed in the register of “Memory of the World” World Heritage List of UNESCO. It was first published in the Netherlands in 1947, in the United States and Great Britain in 1952, under the name of “The Diary of a girl.” Also based on the diary was created several works of art.
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