Realism, Naturalism, and the Harlem Renaissance
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1861-1864
dates of realism era
civil war
realist literature was created during and after the…
realism
literature that accurately portrays what is going on in society and how ordinary people are living their lives
what is going on in society, ordinary people live their lives
realism accurately portrays _____ and how _____
photograph
realist writing can be referred to as a ____ in words
environment, manners
realist writers attempted to reproduce the ____ and _____ of everyday life
regionalism
created a little before realism era; very similar
regionalist
_____ lit emphasizes a specific geographic region and reproduces the speech and manners of people who live there
geographic region, speech, manners
regionalist lit emphasizes a specific _____ and reproduces the _____ and _____ of people who live there
local color, setting, dialects, customs
regionalists liked _____ as well as included a specific _____ and how it influenced _____, _____ etc
occurrences, ordinary
lit trait: realist lit tells of everyday _____ and _____ people
objective
lit trait: realist lit was _____ and the author did not get involved or give his opinion
societal
lit trait: realist lit often discussed _____ problems
oppressive, corrupt, in conflict with the individual
lit trait: in realist lit, society is often seen as _____, _____, and _____
fantastical
lit trait: realist lit was not imaginative, meaning it was not _____
familiar settings
lit trait: realist writers often used _____ settings
beautiful and threatening
lit trait: what was the realist view on nature?
cosmos
lit trait: realist lit was often indifferent of the _____
good and evil
lit trait: what was the realist view on man?
abandoned, look to him for answers
lit trait: when it comes to God, realist men often feel _____ but _____
ambiguous
lit trait: realist lit often leaves _____ endings
psychology
lit trait: naturalist authors often looked more into the _____ of their characters
naturalism
the product of realism
explain human behavior
naturalists took their focus on ordinary people and their lives a step further than realists to…
beyond our power, heredity, environment
naturalists believed that the way people behaved was _____ and was rather determined by our _____ and _____
limited choices, destiny
lit trait: naturalist characters often have _____ and have no control over their _____
triumph of human will, freedom of choice, power of outside forces, winning on their own terms
romantic writers often emphasized the possible ___ where as realist writers qualified _____ with large stipulations concerning the _____ and naturalists seem to crush human chances of _____
god, man, physical object, biology, environment, control
romantics saw man as a _____, realists saw man as just _____, and naturalists viewed man as a _____- subject to the forces of _____ and _____ that are beyond his _____
adversary, truth, common humanity
realists viewed romanticism as an _____ of _____ and _____
naturalism
an extension of realism
naturalism
a reaction against the restrictions inherent in the realistic emphasis on the ordinary; insisted that extraordinary is real, too
restrictions, emphasis, ordinary, extraordinary
naturalism was a reaction against the _____ inherent in the realistic _____ on the _____ and insisted that the _____ is also real
middle class
realists wrote about realities of people of the…
fringes, criminal, fallen
naturalists wrote about the realities of the _____ of society including the _____ and the _____
sordid realism
naturalism can be seen as _____ because writers wrote about the fringes of society
social darwinism
naturalism came largely from…
scientific determinism
social darwinism was aka…
disillusionment
the optimism of the romantics was replaced by _____ and pessimism of the realists
few american writers saw the war first hand, realistic novel had not been fully developed yet
why was there so little lit during the civil war?
The Red Badge of Courage, Stephen Crane
first great novel of the civil war, written by
realists
writers who looked at local manners very closely and who aimed at a very minute fidelity to the common course of human life
regionalism
realist writings have their roots in _____
regionalism
literature that emphasizes a specific geographic setting and that reproduces the speech and manners of people who live there
Harriet Beecher Stowe, regionalist
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by _____ is an example of _____ writing
character, social environment
regionalist writers were often realistic in their depiction of speech and manners yet unrealistic in their depiction of _____ and _____
Mark Twain
best known regionalist writer
naturalists
relied heavily on the growing scientific disciplines of psychology and sociology
psychology, sociology
naturalists relied heavily on the growing scientific disciplines of _____ and _____
stephen crane
best known ironist writer
ironist
stephen crane is known as an _____ writer
ironist
_____ writers juxtaposed human pretensions with the indifference of the universe
Kate Chopin
writer of The Awakening
St. Louis, MO
Chopin was born in…
Oscar Chopin
when she was 19, Chopin married _____ (creole from New Orleans)
1890
Chopin’s first novel was published in…
repression of women in Victorian America
one of Chopin’s most controversial themes
condemned, ended, career
american critics _____ The Awakening which then _____ Chopin’s _____
rediscovered
it wasn’t until a generation after Chopin’s death that The Awakening was…
piety, purity, domesticity, submissiveness
4 ideals of Victorian women
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
Ambrose Bierce wrote…
Ambrose Bierce
wrote An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
warfare, cruel joke on humanity
Bierce’s dark vision of life focused on _____ and its _____
1842
Bierce was born in…
Ninth Indiana Infantry
during the civil war, Bierce volunteered for the…
Mary Day
Ambrose Bierce was married to…
Prattler
Ambrose Bierce had a regular column called…
The Devil’s Dictionary, irony, sardonic humor
______ was one of Bierce’s most popular writings in which he offered a collection of definitions filled with _____ and _____
deep south, civil war
Bierce’s story was set in the _____ during the _____
Stephen Crane
wrote A Mystery of Heroism
A Mystery of Heroism
Stephen Crane wrote…
naturalism
Crane was considered a pioneer of _____
pioneer
Crane was considered a _____ of naturalism
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
Crane’s first significant work
Maggie
one of the first novels to reveal the reality of city slums
The Red Badge of Courage
Stephen Crane wrote the first book about the civil war
Stephen Crane
The Red Badge of Courage was written by…
impressionism
technique whereby the writer gives us not objective reality, but one character’s impression of that reality
Black Forest of Germany
Crane died in the…
heroism
an act in which a person ignores normal human fear and risks his or her life for something trivial, which, for the moment, seems more important than survival
irony
technique that allows a writer to distinguish between appearances and realities
situational irony
discrepancy exists between what we expect to happen and what actually happens
verbal irony
discrepancy exists between what is said and what is meant
dramatic irony
discrepancy exists between what a character believes and what the reader knows to be true
cosmic irony
discrepancy exists between what a character aspires to and what the universal forces provide
cosmic irony
the main reason we consider Crane as a ironist rather than a naturalist is because of his use of…
irony
often used in lit to reveal a writer’s perspective on matters that previously seemed settled
confining, free choice
characters in ironic fiction often find themselves in settings that are _____, that offer no opportunities for _____
A Man Said to the Universe
example of cosmic irony by Stephen Crane
Stephen Crane
A Man Said to the Universe written by…
Stephen Crane
The Book Of Wisdom written by…
Stephen Crane
The Wayfarer written by…
New York City
Harlem was in…
1919-1940
dates of Harlem Renaissance
dance, drama, sculpting, poetry, fiction, painting
types of art that flourished during Harlem Renaissance
Any Human to Another
Countee Cullen’s poem
Countee Cullen
wrote Any Human to Another
Louisville, Harlem, New York City
Countee Cullen was born in _____ but grew up in _____
New York University, Harvard
Countee Cullen attended…
joys, sorrows, attitudes
Cullen’s poetry expressed the ____ and _____ of African Americans and people’s _____ towards each other
Caroling Dusk
anthology of the best poetry by African American writers (collected by Cullen)
If We Must Die
Claude McKay’s poem
Claude McKay
wrote If We Must Die
Jamaica
McKay was born in…
unity
McKay demanded _____ among races
Langston Hughes
wrote The Weary Blues
The Weary Blues
Langston Hughes’s poem
Joplin, MO
Hughes was born in…
Negro Speaks of Rivers
Hughes’s first published poem
society, autobiography
Hughes takes an in-depth view of _____ in his _____
November Cotton Flower
Jean Toomer’s poem
Jean Toomer
November Cotton Flower was written by…
mind, reconcile, transcend
Toomer proposed the power of the _____ to ______ and _____ the self and the world
cultures
Toomer lived a life divided by two _____
Jean Toomer
sought to live not as a member of any racial group
Cane
first book of fiction by an African American author to appear from a New York publisher
Jean Toomer
wrote Cane
A Black Man Talks of Reaping
Arna Bontemp’s peom
Arna Bontemps
wrote A Black Man Talks of Reaping
Alexandria, LA
Bontemps was born in…
Pacific Union College, University of Chicago
Bontemps attended…
Great Depression
as the country moved towards the _____ in the 1930s, the Harlem Renaissance era came to a close
crash of wall street
beginning of the end of the Harlem Renaissance era
Harlem Riot of 1935
underscored the radically altered nature of the people living in Harlem and officially ends Harlem Renaissance
achievement, half-century, slavery, segregation
Harlem Renaissance represents a prodigious _____ for people hardly more than a _____ removed from _____ and enmeshed in chains of _____
big achievement in arts for people just out of slavery and facing harsh segregation
significance of Harlem Renaissance
North, World War 1
a huge migration _____ after _____ is what brought African Americans into Harlem
Realism, Naturalism, and the Harlem Renaissance. (2018, Feb 27). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-realism-naturalism-and-the-harlem-renaissance/
