Conceptual System Design Essay

During the system analysis. the analysis of system informations is really of import. Analysis of information is made up of more than one degree at the beginning ( first degree ) and different thoughts are used at each degree. At first degree. analyst develops a conceptual system design.

Since the conceptual design sets the way for the direction information system ( MIS ) . It is critical that directors participate earnestly and to a great extent at this phase. Conceptual design is sometimes called feasibleness design.

gross design or high degree design.

The conceptual design stage takes as input.

1. A sharp statement of a direction information demand and 2. A set of direction aims for the MIS

In the conceptual design phase that the alternate overall MIS designs are conceived and the best 1 is selected by the system analyst in audience with the top direction. The feasibleness of run intoing the direction aims for the MIS is assessed demoing how the system will work at the high degree is drawn.

Therefore. conceptual design is besides known as gross design ; high degree becomes the footing for the elaborate MIS design.

Hence. conceptual design is a pre-design for the elaborate design. In fact. conceptual design is the “centerpiece” of the procedure. Merely after conceptual design is completed. it can be certain that the MIS can successfully be constructed.

The conceptual design involves the undermentioned undertakings.

1. Specifying jobs in more inside informations.
2. Polishing the direction aims to put system aims.
3. Establishing system restraints.
4. Determining information demands and their beginnings.
5. Developing alternate designs and choice one from these assorted designs.

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6. Document the conceptual design and fixing the study.

1. Specify the problem-

There is no uncertainty that jobs exists in any dynamic concern. The most of import is that what are normally missing are clear definitions of the jobs and the precedence system on the footing of job is the chief solution. Therefore. direction must take the first measure in MIS design by explicating jobs to be solved. The job can be solved by the iterative procedure.

The end for the concern leads to the aims of the general concern. From the aims. programs are derived. Each concern aims and concern programs are derived. Each concern aims and concern programs are associated with information demands. These Information demands are the jobs to be solved by the MIS map. The statements of demands are adequate for planing procedure.

1. Stating the information demand.
2. Asking inquiries about that demand.
3. Proposing reading of that demand.
4. Detailing the original statement.
5. Reviewing the more elaborate statement of demand with direction. These stairss are repeated until the information demands and the job to be solved are truly understood. The procedure of job polish flows of course into the system aims.

2. Set System Aims

Most of the clip it is rather hard to province aims for systems that covers all the functional countries. The director must specify the system objectives in footings of the importance of information demands and non in footings of the satisfaction of demands that are non related to an aim. System analyst tends to emphasize processing efficiency and staff and functional supervisors normally believe that their aim is “to complete the needed study in clip for direction use” . This position disregards the existent aims of the system design. management’s effectivity.

The value of system lies in the benefits of the users. When we ask for the aims. a college principal may answer. ” provide quality education” and a authorities administrative official may say” supply more occupations for the unemployed” . Despite its trouble being specific is necessary. System objectives should be expressed in footings of what directors can make after their information demands have been met. In drumhead. the first stairss in systems design attempts to reply the question” what is the intent of the system? ” why it is needed? What is it expected to make? Who are the users what are their aims?

3. Establish System Constraints

The iterative nature of the systems design procedure is easy understood when we consider the 3rd measure in the process-establishing restraints. It can besides be called as job boundaries or limitations. restraints enable the interior decorator to qualify the conditions under which aims may be attained and to see the restrictions that restricts the design. The two stairss of puting aims and set uping restraints may be considered together as one. Constraints may be viewed as a negative restriction on systems design. there is a positive benefit besides. Establishing restraints will assist to guarantee that the design is realistic. Constraints may be classified as external or internal to the organisation.

External Constraints

The external environment of the organisation is concerned by the client. Order entry. charge and other systems that interface with the customer’s needs in head. If some end products from the system are non acceptable to the client. a definite restriction must be faced up. The authorities imposes certain limitations on the processing of informations. That may be the demand to keep the security of certain categories of information to follow with jurisprudence and ordinance in the behavior of concern ( e. g. revenue enhancements. describing ) . Unions can besides impact the operations of systems affecting members in working conditions. Suppliers are besides an of import group to be considered when planing information systems because these systems often interface with that group.

Internal Constraints

If top direction support is non obtained for the systems construct and for the impression that computing machine based information systems are critical for direction planning and control. the type of design attempt can non be implemented. A good environment for information systems must be set. and one indispensable demand is the blessing and support of the top direction.

Organizational and policy considerations often set bound on aims and modify an intended attack to design of the system. Company policies often define or limit the attack to systems designs.

Forces demands and forces handiness are a major restricting factor in both the design and use of information systems. Computer and systems accomplishments are among the most critical in the state. The most important restraint of all is the one refering the people.

Cost is a major resource restriction. The cost to file away the aims should be compared with the benefits to be derived.

Self-imposed limitations are these placed on the design by the director or the interior decorator. The director will besides curtail the sum of clip and attempt devoted to probe. To accomplish the aim. the director may hold to scale down several demands to do the system tantrum with other end products. equipments or restraints.

4. Determining Information demands and beginnings

For a good system design. a clear statement of information demands is really of import and necessary. Many organisations spend immense sums on hardware and package to keep bing systems or construct sophisticated informations Bankss. without first finding the existent information demands of direction: the information that can increase the ability of directors in critical countries such as jobs. options. chances and programs. The optimal consequences can non be achieved unless directors can supply the specifications for what they want out of an information system.

The director needs information for assortment of grounds concerned with the direction procedure. The type of demands at assorted times and assorted intents depends mostly upon two factors. a ) The personal managerial properties of the single director and B ) The organisational environment in which determinations are made. The information beginnings are of import for finding information demands. The system may necessitate external information or the internal.

5. Alternate conceptual designs and choosing one

The development of a construct of a system is a originative procedure that involves synthesising cognition into some peculiar form. The construct of an MIS would dwell of the major determination points. forms of information flow. channels of information and functions of directors and rivals. The construct is the study of the constructions or skeleton of the Information System. which ushers and restricts the signifier of the elaborate design. If conceptual design is the skeleton. so elaborate design is the flesh.

E. g. two squads of pupils are seeking to make undertaking on the tourer usher and contact information system. One construct produced is a study demoing a item about the peculiar topographic points depicting its civilization. heritages along with the colleges. Hotels and trade. Whereas another squad produces a study of description of colleges along with the description of module and the fee structures on assorted demands.

It is obvious that each alternate construct of a system has advantages and disadvantages. Sometimes one construct will rule all others by major standards.

6. Document the best design

Sufficient information has been accumulated to get down a more elaborate description of the system construct. This description includes basically a flow chart or other certification of the flow of information through the system. the inputs and the end products.

The director should be involved to the extent that the system provides the information required the interior decorator is concerned with the nature of the stuffs and equipment every bit good as with proficient processing considerations.

Detailss to be worked out subsequently by the interior decorator will include exact instructions as what informations are to be captured and when. the files are to be used. the inside informations of how processing is to be done. what outputs will be generated by the system etc.

Design Methods

There are a no. of methods for planing information systems. Following is a brief description of some of the popular methods.

• Problem Partitioning

• Structured Design

• Top-Down Design

Problem Partitioning

• The method is based on the rule of ‘divide and conquer’ . In this method. alternatively of work outing the full job at one time. the job is divided into little manageable parts that can be solved individually.

Structured Design

• In this method. a structured confab is created. which can be used to implement the system. The chart depicts faculties specifying each faculty by the specific map. Assorted tools like flow-charting. informations flow diagrams. construction charts. structured English. etc. are used in a structured design.

Top-down Design

• The top-down design is based on the construct of a system which suggests that a system consists of sub-system. which has sub-system of their ain. In other words. a system may be termed as a hierarchy of sub-systems. the highest degree sub-system matching to the entire system.

Detailed System Design

As already stated. conceptual design in itself is non the terminal of the design procedure ; instead it serves as a footing for the elaborate MIS design. The public presentation demands specified by the conceptual design become inputs to the elaborate design stages. in which these are farther refined. elaborate and finalized to be called the system specifications. Therefore. the chief aim of the elaborate system design is to fix a bluish print of a system that meets the ends of the conceptual system design demands. Detailed system design involves the undermentioned stages.

I. Undertaking Planning and control

two. Involves the User

three. Specify the Detailed Sub-Systems

four. Input/output Design

v. Feedback from the User

six. Database Design

seven. Procedure Design

eight. Design Documentation

A brief treatment on each of the stages is given below.

Undertaking Planing

In order to guarantee an effectual and efficient design of the MIS. it is really of import that a elaborate design procedure should in itself be considered a complete undertaking. Therefore. the first measure in the elaborate design is be aftering and commanding. so that criterions may be established and a proper followup is made. Some of the chief points which are of import in planning and control of a elaborate design are given below.

• Undertaking Planing

i. Formulate the undertaking Objectives.

two. Specify the undertaking undertaking.

three. Fix a web diagram of all events and activities so as to stipulate consecutive and parallel events.

four. Schedule the work as per the demands of the user.

v. Prepare a budget for the undertaking.

• Project Control

I. Get a feedback of the existent public presentation of the undertaking with regard to clip. cost and work of the undertaking and compare it with agendas. budgets and proficient programs.

two. Take disciplinary action where required so as to keep control.

Involve the User

System interior decorator must inform the users sing the new information system being developed and derive their support and credence. In this stage. users are assured that alterations will profit them or that they will non be at disadvantage because of the new system. It is besides of import to take users in assurance so as to obtain information for the design of the system. This will besides assist pull offing opposition to alter and would guarantee successful execution of the system.

Detailed Sub-System Definition

In elaborate system design. every system needs to be broken down to determine all activities required and their several inputs and end products. In some of the instances. sub-systems are loosely defined in the conceptual design stage. but at this phase they are specifically defined to work out every item refering the sub-system. Decomposition of the system to operational activities in general is carried out as follows.