Gender and Poveerty: Female Empowerment

It is important to go back in the traditional society in order to explain Gender and poverty. Gender inequality is a social and economic stratification which result of exclusion for both men and women, girls and boys in the society. In Bashi and south Asia society as well as in others societies, the conception on women always be negative like someone who can only do well in the kitchen and at home. They are socialised and skilled in household, on how to take care of their husband and child care.

In addition, girls are socializing to be submissive to their husbands, to obey and remain under authority of man. However, Men or boys are socialized in a way that enable them to become decision makers, leader of the family, chief and strong.

In rural areas, people believe strongly that boys should be educated because they will remain in the family and assist their aged parents, while daughters are likely to serve other families after marriage.

They believe also that educating girls, beyond primary school, will not allowed her to get a husband. This negative view impeded the society to see the value of education to women. This lack of education impedes them to fundraising, to job opportunities, lack of skills, and ignorance of their merits. All this element make women remain in poverty in Bashi and Asia societies.

Women in South Asia as well as in Bashi culture, are often excluded from decision-making, have limited access to and control over resources, are limited in their mobility and are often under male’s controls or relatives.

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They are always begging their husbands. They rely on what their husband has given; therefore, this leads them to remain and live in a poverty. The fact that they are not educated, their ability, potentiality is not developed and therefore they are just there to be without contribution to the economic growth. This does not mean that the government has never done anything, they have started, but families are where most decision-making takes place, and norms and values which continue to perpetuate inequalities between men and women across generations, even when such laws are in place. (Banu 2016.)

People who live in extreme poverty lack both income, deprivations, including hunger and malnutrition, poor health, limited education, and marginalization or exclusion. It weakens the resilience of households and communities, and limits the ability of individuals to participate fully in society and better their lives

Like in Bashi society, man is seen as rich person and owner of everything in the family including the wife. In Bukavu for instance woman is not allowed to owner lands in the village but only to work on it. When they work on it, they are obliged to return all resources to men who should give a portion to a woman and her kids, also all the work is done by her while man are enjoying. In addition, the woman will go in the shamba from morning looking for bananas to make local beer, called ‘’kaskiss,’’ really it is a lot of job and heavy, when she finishes and now want to sell, the man will be present to welcome money and start giving he its plans about the money. It is the same for those cultivating cassava. All this is because man has been socialized as the owner and chief of everything. A woman cannot own anything Hence, the mother may lack even food for children especially when the husband is irresponsible in spending that money in drinking. The fact that women believe also in their cultures and they not educated, they cannot claim it somewhere. Moreover, in Philippine, for instance where women work with men but they have access to manage their resources. consequently, men are poor because of that inequality. They have to wait from their wives.

In my village, some parents believed that it is a wastage of time and resources to send girls at school. Girls grow up without good education. When people are educated they all contribute to the innovation, creativity and economic in their country or community. Lack of education increase more chances of not having better life, no opportunity to employment and good health, and missing opportunities of being involved in politic of the country. Lack of education increase maternal death, in short the person does not otherwise to enhance her life. They remain in poverty and don’t participate in the country contribution. The fact that males are educated and females not, this create perpetuate gender inequality at all level in the society. Parent’s lack awareness about the benefits of education and training girls, for girls plays a role in perpetuating gender inequalities. Research has shown that there is an inter-generational transmission of behaviour and attitudes. Since behaviour and attitudes of men as well as for women, has not changed, gender and poverty will continue generation to generation.

Moreover, the fact that one feels superior and dominate on the other, there is continual gender inequality, poverty and therefore the development side is affected. women are not allowed to possess or inherent lands. Therefore, one gender is considered and even advantages than the other gender. this gender inequality has been transmitted through culture and perpetuate overtime. social norms, customs and institution set roles and relationships between men and women, and influences what resources women and man has control or access to and in what in what forms they can participate in the economy and broader society. While women and girls bear the largest and most direct costs of these inequalities, the costs ultimately harm everyone because its cuts broadly across society.

Like in Ghana where most women are poor and engaged in agriculture, they still have the division of labour, sex differences in access to land, labour, they have not yet received much attention and thus continue to obstruct the development of the country, because of the inability to have access to farm and non-farm activities.

What is bad, is that these stratification of gender role are passed through generation to generation and therefore contribute to poverty of the country.