Factors Of Migration Patterns

The causes of migration vary significantly, with some being negative and some positive. Those that are negative are known as push factors, which are tied to the origin of the area, usually during a struggling time, and those that are positive are known as pull factors, which are associated with the area of destination. The most common pull factors are job opportunities, higher wages, and the “ideal promise” of a better life, and the few common push factors are usually overpopulation, lack of resources and money, and low wages that cannot support a lifestyle.

Migration, in the long-run, will dwindle the home country by decreasing the amount of educated population as well as decreasing economic spending. If the pattern remains, the situation cannot improve until the economic choices are redeveloped and changed. In shorter terms, an immense brain drain could occur due to a constant flow of emigration.

The thought that damaging consequences could occur in the receiving region is often a myth because, in reality, immigrants help to boost employment rates.

They often take jobs that a native worker of a country would not take or accept. This creates an increase in overall production and helps the native workers by “easing upward job mobility for native workers.” Demographically, men are expected to migrate inter-regionally, while women, if they would, would travel intra-regionally, and more often than not, with kids or family. On a more specific note, younger men, between the ages 20 through 45, have a higher chance of migrating internationally. This makes sense because men are considered to be the economic provider many times in a family, and many countries offer programs that recruit guest workers for this purpose.

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For example, countries in Western Europe often recruit foreign labor to fill temporary work or labor. Also, many countries in the Middle East recruit young men as well, from South and Southeast Asia to work at construction sites or in oil industries. The men that travel internationally or in search for jobs do not leave their home country because they feel like it. They are usually the providers for their family, and countries they are immigrating to offer higher paying jobs than an equivalent as to what their country would pay for the same job. Even though the majority of immigrants to any country are paid less and considered cheaper labor, a country with a better economy still pays higher than the countries migrants are emigrating for. For instance, the poorest percent of the Danish population still has a higher income than around 95% of the population in Mali or Tanzania.

In the U.S., many residents are currently moving and settling intra-regionally to the area of the “sun belt”. This area consists of the states in the Southern U.S., starting from Virginia and continuing till the west of California. It has coined this name because of its warm and consistent climate as well as its rapidly growing economic advantages and opportunities. Historically, most of the population of the U.S. has been concentrated through the Northeast but since the “Sunbelt” has been attracting domestic businesses along with nonunion wages, the population has increased of the residents that are moving to the Sun Belt. The increasing migration pattern has induced a suburban sprawl in the communities of the Belt, but the exponential growth has led to environmental congestion and excess pollution.

The lack of liberties and political corruption is a vital push factor and reason for the moving of many immigrants. These migrants usually flee their home countries if it is ruled by a dictator or an unfair leader, and they will often end up in countries with a greater democratic environment. A recent and ongoing example of this is the crisis in Venezuela. The country is in the midst of a political disaster that has resulted in food shortages and ascending crime rates. Approximately 1 of every 12 people there has been driven out of the country due to a lack of essential resources. Many migrants are traveling across borders and into much more stable countries such as Colombia and Peru.

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