Causes Behind Suicide Among Youth

Unemployment and Poverty

Unemployment is defined as works available for employees whose contract of employment has terminated or been temporarily suspended and who are without a job and seeking paid employment; persons never previously employed whose most recent status was other than that of an employee, together with persons who had been in retirement, who were available for work during the specified period and were seeking paid employment; persons without a job and currently available for workers who have made arrangements to start a new job at a date subsequent to the specified Time And individuals are given unpaid waivers temporarily or indefinitely.

Unemployment is also regarded as a state of worklessness experienced by a person who is a member of the laborlore, perceives himself and others as capable to work. Embedded in this definition is that such an unemployed person has the knowledge, skills, and abilities to fetch him a paid employment yet none could be accessed. Unemployment can also be regarded as a moment of worklessness experienced by an individual as a result of economic distortion and personal incapability.

The rate of unemployment in Bangladesh is high and the causes include voluntary and involuntary factors. While the rate of school enrolment is soaring, the rate of employment is dwindling. The implications, therefore, include youth restiveness, unfair labor practices, and wage not commensuration to expended efforts. Recently, considerable attention has been given to the role of unemployment as a factor that provokes suicidal behavior. Suicide is associated with unemployment; three explanations are possible.

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Unemployment can provide vulnerability by exacerbating the impact of depressing life events; It can indirectly lead to suicide by increasing the risk factors for suicide (e.g., mental illness, financial hardship); Or it may be a non-causal association due to confusion or selection by factors that predict both unemployment status and suicide risk. Analysis of census data for the entire New Zealand revealed that not being employed is strongly associated with death by suicide.

They further found a two-to three-fold increased risk of suicide among those who were unemployed. Poverty on the other hand is grouped by UNDP into three broad categories as contained in the universally accepted definition to mean absolute poverty, relative poverty, and material poverty. Absolute poverty means the inability to provide such physiological subsistence (foods, shelter, clothing, potable water, safety, healthcare service, basic education, transportation, and gainful employment) to the extent of being unable to protect human dignity. People under this category receive meager income and their capacity to make savings is zero. Relative poverty means inadequate income to enhance active participation in societal activities to the extent that it limits the actualization of one’s potentials. Poverty here means the inability of one to satisfy his/her basic social needs. Material poverty is the deprivation of physical assets such as cash-crop stress, land, animal husbandry, etc.

Childhood Adversity

There are clear links between exposure to childhood adversity and the risk of later suicidal behavior among young people. Elevated rates of suicidal behaviors are found among young people from disadvantage and dysfunctional family backgrounds, characterized by such features as parental separation or divorce, parental psychopathology, a history of sexual, physical and emotional abuse or neglect, impaired parent-child relationship and interaction, parental discord, and parental violent behavior. The range of childhood adversity factors associated with suicidal behavior overlaps heavily with the known risk factors for juvenile crime, substance abuse, mental health problems, and other adverse outcomes for youth and adolescents.

This suggests that the major life processes and pathways that lead to the risk of suicidal behavior are similar to those that lead to mental problems and other adverse outcomes for young people, and imply that generic programmers that attempt to ameliorate childhood adversities may reduce the risk of suicidal behavior specifically. A New Zealand study found that the risk of suicide attempts was higher in children and youths from disadvantaged family backgrounds characterized by a composite score of childhood adversity, Parental history of socioeconomic difficulties, substance abuse or objection, marital separation or instability of parents, uncompromising child marriage, and high residential mobility. Among these families, the risk of suicide attempts increased with increasing adversity.