Characterization of Bio-Based Materials

CHARACTERIZATION OF BIO-BASED MATERIALS BY PYROLYSIS

Abstract: – Universally all over world, the scrutinizers are gathering their knowledge in the field of conventional energy and unconventional fuel. Scrutinizers are working in bio fuel from the natural material and also scrutiny for the use as energy resource in any form. Bio fuel is going to play a vital role for future generation in the world. The paper provides the information about the production of bio-oil from bio based products. The oil characters are checked according to their standards.

Keywords: – Bio Based Products, Bio Oil, Methodology, Scrutiny, Properties.

INTRODUCTION

Coconut is a general plant which is grown commonly in world. The world production of coconut up to around 55 million tons annually. Coconut production plays a significant task in India.

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India accounts for 22.34 per cent of the world’s coconut production rate and plays a vital role in trading. Coconut shell is a part on coconut. It is stronger of its part. It is mainly used in handcraft materials for decoration and also domestic purpose.

Coconut shell produce activated carbons for the production of charcoals. Coconut leaf stalk is used as fuel in olden days as well as ingredient in fertilizer in nowadays.

Indian Almond is a general plant which is grown commonly in all over world. Almond fruit includes the hull, shell and nut. One to five fruits is formed in the basal part of flower. The world production of Indian Almond up to around 70,000 MT annually. Indian Almond production plays a significant task in India. India accounts for 25 per cent of the world’s Indian Almond production rate and plays a vital role in trading. For Indian Almond contain the nutritious such as Protein, Fat, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Thiamin, Niacin is researched from the report analysis conducted by the university of new South Wales.

Tamarind is originated in Madagascar and is now broadly cultivated in India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, several African, Central American and South American countries. In India, it is largely grown in Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The Tamarind Shell is broadly used as fuel & cattle feed. Tamarind seed husk is used to extract tannin in leather industry.

All over the world, there has been a remarkable increase in number of automotives present and used by the peoples. Automotive sector plays a vital in satisfying their daily needs. Energy for the automotive system is like a blood for a biotic organism. Due to the rapid growth in the automotive, energy scarcity is induced in the forthcoming years. In order to handle this situation, the researchers are focused on alternative energy. Bio oil is one of the way to slight reduction in energy scarcity. This paper describes about bio oil production and the chemical parameters.

This paper shares about the idea of oil from bio based products such as coconut shell, Indian Almond Shell, Tamarind Shell and Coconut Leaf Stalk. Production of bio oil is based on major three categories that are direct combustion, thermo chemical process, bio chemical process.

Methodology

Method study

This chart is said to be a diagram, a picture or a graph which provides the overall view of the process or the methods. By using this chart, we can provide a brief study about the project. We provide chart given below for the discussion of our work.

Figure 1: Method Study

Preparation Of Raw Products

The raw product which is chosen for our study is Bio Based Product. They are Coconut Shell, Indian Almond Shell, Coconut Leaf Stalk and Tamarind Shell. Bio-Based product is taken from the respective material which cleaned finely. The impurities which are found inside and outside the bio products are removed keenly. After removing the residues which is needed for the production of oil is crushed as small as possible. The size of raw products is one of the factor affecting the yield of oil. So it is necessary to crush the input product and dried it until the moisture finely removed. Figure 2 and 3 shows the sample of raw products.

Figure 2: Raw Products (a) Coconut Shell (b) Indian Almond Shell

Figure 3: Raw Products (a) Coconut Leaf Stalk (b) Tamarind Shell

Procedure

The raw products should be very small which is selected for our work. Then this product is filled into the reactor. The level of raw products should filled in the reactor in half or more than half of the reactor. if the product is filled fully in the reactor it may cause lot of problems which may less yield of oil due to passing and inducing of vapour will be affected. So it is necessary to provide the space inside the reactor by filling the material as half or more than half volume of the reactor. The vapour which is induced is passing through the condenser. So, the vapour which is get cooled and it is collected in glass jar. The temperature which is used to heat the raw material is at 5000C – 5500C. So, that the yield rate is increased.

Figure 4: Experimental Setup

Extracted Oil

Figure 5: Sample Oil

The extraction of oil from Coconut shell by means of fluidized bed pyrolyzer with adopting method of fast pyrolysis. The oil sample which is collected.Result And Discussion

3.1 Performance Of Reactor For Coconut Shell Oil

Figure 3: Temperature Vs Time period

The above graph is drawn between temperature and time period for the combustion of raw material. From the graph we get a brief study as the temperature is gradually is increased and kept it is constant at the range of 5000C – 5500C. At the same time the time period for the combustion of raw products gradually increased and get steady at the certain range according to the temperature is applied.

Calculation

Mass of raw products = mass of oil obtained + mass of vapour movies out + mass of ash induced

Sl. No Parameters CSO IASO TSO CLSO

1 Mass of raw products 2,200gm 2500 5000 5000

2 Mass of oil obtained 1000mg

800 2400 2200

3 Mass of ash 500gm 1000 800 500

4 Mass of Vapour leaves out Remains Remains Remains Remains

From the table, the yield of bio oil from IASO is obtained high within the less raw input material.

Chemical Analysis Discussion

Sl. NO Parameter(s) TSO CLSO CSO IASO Unit

1 Density 1132 1058 1046 1021 Kgm3

2 Kinematic Viscosity at 40°C 26.78 24.72 8. 0CP 1.30 CST

or

CP

3 Flash Point 64.5 58.5 62.1 52.9 ?C

4 Pour Point -28 -35 – -9 ?C

5 Water Content 13.48 12.32 64. 03 72.87 %

Density of Tamarind shell oil is higher than other bio based oil. If the density is high the fuel cannot be ignited. Because there is a stoichiometric ratio must. If it fails, fuel should not ignited in proper combustion.

The viscosity of fuel is get high then the temperature has to be increased automatically. If the density and viscosity get varied the Air-Fuel ratio get changed. It may damages the many parts of IC engine.

Conclusion

In this report we have extract oil and chemical analyze is done with few parameters. If these bio fuel is used in direct IC engine, most part of engines will collapse. While combustion atomization is one of the important section present. Nowadays, high accuracy atomization is done in automotive equipments. If these fuels directly used, high atomization is required. In order to achieve this more amount of heat and external equipment has to fix in engine. It may reduce the efficiency of engine. From our result these oils need more modification or engines need more modifications.