Theodore Roosevelt's Influence on American Foreign Policy

How did he justify the concept of “preventive intervention” as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

Just as the federal government ‘s powers in domestic affairs were expanded, the progressive presidents were not reluctant to project American power outside the country’s borders. Their interventions were initially restricted to the Western Hemisphere, whose affairs the United States had claimed a special right to supervise since the Monroe Doctrine of 1823. Between 1901 and 1920, U.S. Marines landed more than twenty times in Caribbean countries.

They were usually sent to create a welcoming economic environment for American companies that wanted stable access to raw materials such as bananas and sugar and nervous bankers that their loans could not be repaid to local governments. The actions of Roosevelt in Panama reflected a principle known as the Roosevelt Corollary of the Monroe doctrine. This held that the United States had the right to exercise ‘ international police power’ in the Western Hemisphere a significant increase in Monroe’s commitment to defend the hemisphere from European intervention.

The British, Italian, and German naval forces blocked early in Roosevelt’s administration Nicaragua shall protect a government friendly to the economic interests of the United States. In general, however, Taft emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks as the best way to spread American influence, rather than direct military intervention. His foreign policy has therefore become known as the Dollar diplomacy.

Paraphrasing, Summaries, and Cited works see:foreign-language

(Foner, E. (n.d.). Give me liberty!: An American History: Volume 2: From 1865.

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3rd ed.)

Discuss the domestic reaction to W.W.I. Why did Congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts? What was the role of labor? How did this lead to the Red Scare?

The federal government passed laws restricting the freedom of speech for the first time since the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798. The 1917 Espionage Act prohibited not only the spying and interference of the draft but also ‘ false statements ‘ which could impede military success. The victims ranged from virtually the entire socialist press and many foreign language publications to The Jeffersonian, a journal owned by former populist leader Tom Watson, who criticized the draft as a violation of the rights of states. A court has sentenced Ohio farmer John White who was imprisoned for twenty-one months for saying that the killing of innocent women and children by German soldiers was no worse than what the United States did in the war of 1899–1903 in the Philippines. Thus, it’s no wonder domestic reaction to WW 1 was mixed.

Many progressives hoped that the economic planning apparatus of wartime would continue after 1918. However, the Wilson administration quickly dismantled the agencies that had established controls on industrial production and the labor market, although they would serve as models for certain Franklin D policies in the 1930s. The New Deal of Roosevelt. However, the wartime repression of dissent continued. The Red Scare of 1919–1920 reached its peak, a short but intense period of political intolerance inspired by the post-war strike wave and the social tensions and fears of the Russian Revolution.

They carried search warrants so broad that they recalled the writings of help James Otis had eloquently protested against as destructive of freedom in 1761 to those with a sense of history. The Palmer raids have been supervised by the 24-year – old Director of the Radical Justice Division Ministry, J. Edgar Hoover. Edgar Hoover. Hoover also started to compile files on thousands of Americans suspected of having radical political ideas, a practice which he would later continue as head of the Federal Investigation Bureau.

The abuse of civil liberties at the beginning of 1920 was so serious that Palmer was heavily criticized by Congress and by much of the press. Labor Louis Post began to release prisoners and the Red Scare collapsed. The September 1920 exchange, which killed 40 people, failed to revive it. The response to the Palmer Raids sowed the seeds

Paraphrasing, Summaries, and Cited works see:

(Foner, E. (n.d.). Give me liberty!: An American History: Volume 2: From 1865. 3rd ed.)

Why did the U.S. Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles? Explain what went wrong with Wilson’s Crusade to have a “peace without victory” and achieve a “war to end wars.”

The Treaty of Versailles achieved some of Wilson’s goals. It set up the League of Nations, the key body of its vision of a new international order. The principle of self – determination was applied to eastern Europe and the map of the region was redrawn. Some had ethno-language unity, while others had unstable combinations of different nationalities.

Despite Wilson’s commitment to peace without territorial acquisitions or revenge, the Treaty of Versailles was a tough document that guaranteed all but future conflicts in Europe. The Treaty set strict limits on the size of the future military and navy of Germany. In October 1919, Wilson suffered a serious stroke amid the League debate. Although the extent of his illness was kept secret, he was unable to do so for the remainder of his term.

His wife Edith was in charge of the government for the next 17 months. The Senate refused the Treaty of Versailles in November 1919 and again in March 1920. The country withdrew immediately from international involvement. However, Wilson’s combination of idealism and power politics has had a lasting impact in the long run.

The war to make the world safe for democracy failed on its terms. The war did not bring stability or democracy to the majority of the world and in the United States, it undermined freedom. Harding’s campaign focused on a ‘ return to normalcy ‘ and a rejection of what he called the ‘ Wilson. ‘

Paraphrasing, Summaries, and Cited works see: (Foner, E. (n.d.). Give me liberty!: An American History: Volume 2: From 1865. 3rd ed.)