Compound Pendulum Experiment

This sample essay on Compound Pendulum Experiment reveals arguments and important aspects of this topic. Read this essay’s introduction, body paragraphs and the conclusion below.

Pendulum in different medium Rural Corselets Oasis Introduction An oscillating object is a mass that follows a pattern that causes the mass to return to its initial position after completing one complete oscillation in a constant certain amount of time. This experiment aims to show how the medium that a simple pendulum is traveling though affects the frequency of the pendulum.

Research Question How does the medium that a simple pendulum is traveling though affect the frequency in the simple pendulum and how drastic is theta change? Hypothesis

Based on what I know about traveling though different mediums the more optically denser medium will cause more resistance to the pendulum causing it to complete fewer cycles within one second then the less optically dense medium. Variables Controlled: * Length of string between the mass on the pendulum * Amount of medium * Height of pendulum * Degree the mass is lifted too * Mass of pendulums mama’s * Weight of pendulums mama’s * Start the time at the same time as dropping the mass * Contain only the medium being tested no other contents Independent: type of medium (air, water, classic coke, Faint, Sugar Water)

Pendulum Different

Dependent: (T) Time taken for Pendulum to stop at PEE.

Materials * Clamp XSL * Stand for clamp XSL * Simple pendulum with a mass of egg XSL * Water tight box of the clamp stand CACM long*2.

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CM wide* 1 LLC high XSL Protractor XSL * Stopwatch XSL * Material needed to record data XSL * Water 1897. Ml * Ethanol mall * Sun Flower Oil mall * Fruit syrup 632. Ml Method 1.

First set up the experiment, this requires you to fill the water tight box you picked out earlier with enough liquid to submerge the pendulum completely, to set up the pendulum, and to put together the compound pendulum on the lamp that will fit well with the water tight box, make sure that the pendulum will be completely submerged, also remember to make sure the syrup water is 50% water and 50% syrup. 2. You will also need to be able to find the density of all of the liquids. This can be done by finding the weight of 100 ml of the liquid in a jar then subtracting the weight of the jar. . Then place the pendulum in front of you and use the protractor to find 135 degrees from the top of the pendulum to the length of the pendulum, while holding only the mass on the pendulum to a 135-degree angle with the retractor starting O at the top of the pendulum. 4. Once you have set that all up and are holding the mass at a 135-degree angle get the stopwatch ready. 5. Then at the same time drop the pendulum from that 135-degree mark and start the stopwatch (try to make sure you drop the pendulum and start the watch at the exact same time as it is crucial to a fair test). . Keep timing the pendulum till it reaches PEE, then stop the stopwatch and write down what you got. Then do it once more in this same medium. You may test this as many times as possible but at least two. 7. Once you have the times written down get the box of liquid and place the pendulum in the water submerging it under the liquid, once you are going to change the liquid be sure to have the box that will contain the liquid to be clean before changing liquids (doing Syrup Water and anything containing sugar before water and ethanol will help clean the pendulum). 8.

Once again redo step 2 through 5 for the next three liquids. You may test this as many times as possible but at least three. Remember this is being done for four more different liquids, which can be Ethanol, Water, Oil or Syrup Water. Results Raw data of the Oscillations of a Simple Pendulum in Different Mediums Types of Mediums I Trial one (cycles per 30 seconds) I Trial two (cycles per 30 seconds) I Air | 30 | 30 | water | 25 | 30 | Ethanol | 29 | 27 | Sunflower oil | 16 | 12 | Syrup Water | 22 | 20 | The data in this chart was found in order to get a close to accurate amount of cycles during a period of 30 seconds.

It is the raw data that was taken from the experiment. Frequency of the Oscillations of a Simple Pendulum in Different Mediums Types of Mediums I Trial one (cycles per second) (Hertz) I Trial two (cycles per second) (Hertz) I Air | 1. 000 | 1. 000 Water | 0. 833 | 1. 000 | Ethanol | 0. 967 | 0. 900 Sun flower oil | 0. 800 | 0. 600 | syrup water 10. 733 1 0. 667 | Using the raw data to transform it into Frequency so that I can find the answer to my Research question. Dividing the number of cycles by the time spent recording the number of cycles helps u to find this.

The Average Frequency of the Oscillations of a Simple Pendulum in Different Mediums Types of Mediums I Average Frequency (cycles per second) I Air | 1. 000 | Water | 0. 916 | Ethanol | 0. 933 | Sun flower oil | 0. 700 | Syrup water | 0. 00 | By adding the two trials then dividing by two because there are two trials you are able to find the average frequency. These results should be as close to accurate as we where able to find with the time and equipment that was available to us.

Although there was many things that confused us during the experiment like how in liquid the pendulum acted very different from in air. This graph shows the difference in frequency in the liquids according to the data collected from completing the experiment in respect to the density and it shows how the change in density affects the frequency. There was a huge difference in the amplitude of the liquids and the air because the liquid did start at the same place as air, but we encountered the liquids to have critical damping.

Also the water helped to push the mass to start moving again when the energy had traveled though the liquid and reflected back to the mass. The density doesn’t seem to match up to the results that might mean that the density doesn’t directly affect the frequency. Reliability While conducting the experiment we encountered a massive problem because we constantly noticed that critical damping accord and the mass would barely eve. Although the likely hood that the frequency changed due to this is very low although the wavelength was greatly affected.

This critical damping could be the fault of the mass hitting the side of the thin container. Conclusion According to the results we can conclude that the density of the liquid doesn’t directly affect the frequency. We cannot conclude the highest density liquid will cause the frequency of the pendulum to decrease. This doesn’t support my hypothesis that the higher density mediums will cause more resistance to the pendulum and cause it to have complete fewer cycles within one second.

My hypothesis worked in the same way as when you try to walk though a layer of water it become very hard as the water is pushing you back causing a change in frequency, but according to the results that isn’t correct because the density doesn’t seem to change anything. Evaluation The overall method of the tests where not completely reliable this is because of the critical damping found when the mass traveled though the liquid. One explanation for this is that the mass while traveling though the thin box the mass hit the side of the case because there was almost no room for the mass to ravel though liquid.

We tried to counter this effect, but because of the qualities found in water the mass was attracted to the side and would continue to follow this process. To make this a reliable experiment we would have to use different equipment such as the high-speed camera and most importantly a container that is thicker then such a tiny space. The energy is lost because it is put against additional friction from hitting the side of the container, therefore it is proven that in order to complete a fair test the most be a replacement of the container used to hold the different mediums.

The tests might not be 100% the added medium because it will always be mixed maybe very little but still be mixed with another medium, this could affect the accuracy of the experiment. Also using more tests will also help in crease the accuracy because then you find a more accurate average answer. Other then that all of the variables where controlled correctly, but that did not take away from the fact that the test was unreliable because of the critical damping. That shouldn’t affect the frequency too much because frequency will always be fixed but the hitting could make a slight difference in the frequency.