Early Human Brain Development in the Womb

Introduction

Education is the process of achieving knowledge, values, skills, beliefs, and moral habits. Illiteracy may cause poverty, unemployment, rapid population growth etc. People must be ingrained with good quality education to be able to match up with this competitive world. People ingrained with good education are capable of developing personally, economically as well as in social aspect. Education is axe for any country and it is understood how governments are applying different strategies for creating progressive modern society by building human capability and reducing inter-generational disadvantage.

People must be ingrained with good quality education to be able to match up with this competitive world.

Career education and guidance play an important role in curriculum that supports students’ interests, strengths and aspirations thus helping students making informed decisions about their subject choices and pathways. Also it has been observed that the main reason why students drop out of college is the conflict between work/studies and passion/interest. Strategies have already been developed by the government to resolve these issues, but newer ways to resolve these issues are studied.

In recent epoch, prenatal education by laying pre-birth prognostication of fetus in the uterus of the mother has been provoked. Researches in recent time have shown how foundation of the future health, learning and behaviour of a baby while in the uterus of the mother is laid through children’s experiences while in the womb with their family, community and early learning environments.

Substantiate from recent technologies providing new operating brain imaging within humans exhibit that how child’s experience and behaviour is triggered with the experience of the mother and indeed developing the self organising brain during pregnancy.

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While the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid ) or Genes act as a long-term storage of information, it is the blueprint for the way in which the different anatomical structures of the human brain will emanate. But how the anatomical structures of the brain will connect and work together is shaped through is prenatal education. In simple formation brain is a matter of both nature and nurture received to the baby.

The Hierarchical process of development of fetus’s brain before birth is highly impacted by the child’s early experience through prenatal education. It has been observed that the grasping power of a fetus in mother’s uterus is superior compared to a born child. Researchers have found out the delicate stages in a human brain when maximum development of the brain is possible and have proved most receptive stages occur during the pregnancy i.e. when the child is in the womb. These delicate sensitive spell of 9 months can be an opportunity to boost baby’s development and their readiness for future school learning.

There being a attestation of how prenatal education can have long-term benefits to the baby to focus on their attention, be acceptive towards the kind of activities and instruction they might be coming across during their education. Hence it’s important that maximum development of the brain takes place during the 9 months of pregnancy. All the three aspects i.e. Health, Values and Creativity go in conjunction in developing the child’s mind. All the skills set, values and qualities which are acquired during pregnancy from the mother can be used to anticipate which education stream the child would be likely suitable to opt for in future.

This prediction can be achieved with the help of different prediction algorithm of Machine learning. One the ways in which we can achieve this is by using the most recognized toll used for the purpose of decision making i.e. Decision Tree. Being a tree-like graphical structure, the internal nodes can used for attributes and leaf’s as class label / categories of these attributes. Decision Tree from the collected information can easily get the most predicted outcome given a particular input. Thus we can predicted what the possible future of a baby in the womb will be using Decision Tree algorithm.

Why subsidising in Early Brain Development ?

Humans are inbred to learning and human’s are observed to evolve through ceaseless learning right from its existence. Alongside to this,in current axe, transition has shifted to education and learning even before birth and extensive emphasis is now paid on experimenting on prenatal education by providing pre-birth interventions for fetus inside the uterus of the mother.

How a mother reacts and interacts with the baby during her pregnancy may have implication’s on the baby’s development. It was found by University of Cambridge that mothers who ‘connect’ with their baby during pregnancy are more likely to interact in a more positive way with their infant after it is born.

A good foundation for baby’s development, future education and learning can be provided by creating a encouraging,enhancing, caring environment replenish with pacific and warm interaction. Shelina Bhamani has addressed development of the baby’s brain in utero. It is predicted by scientists working in the field of child development that when a baby is in uterus of the mother, the baby is able to hear and remember certain sounds and he or she is easily able to recall it even after his/her birth [4].The baby starts to hear the mother’s voice by the end of the second trimester. Among the sounds of a pregnant mother’s beating heart, breathing and blood coursing through veins, the baby is able to hear scuffed noise from the external environment as well.[5]. All sense organs of fetus’s begin to grow up in prenatal period. Human ear starts growing after 10 weeks of pregnancy. Using Doppler Ultrasound Signals sensitivity to maternal voice Aylin Tastan and Naciye Hardalac proved that fetus has a learning process with experience in uterus.

As a conclusion it can be seen that the grasping power of a fetus in mother’s uterus is superior compared to a born child. Also as the age rises the development of the human brain gradually stops. Growth of the brain is most during the duration of pre-birth to 5 years with maximum while in fetus. Apart from the various movements of the mother, maternal age plays as significant role in the overall development of the fetus.

Why is early child development essential?

The need of subsidising to ensure that all children’s get a great boost to start of their lives is easily conspicuous to governments all over the world [8]. Babies already start learning before birth during the 9 months duration and they keep developing and learning at a rapid speed in their early stages of life ; it’s important how babies get kicked started into their lives [9]. The need for such subsidising in Australia was understood and recognised by Council of Australian Governments with their project of “Investing in the Early Years—A National Early Childhood Development Strategy”[10].Nirmala Rao and Jin Sun also in their research [11] “Early Childhood Care and Education in the Asia Pacific Region” mention how the early stages of child development can affect the future of the child as well as the respective country. These researches have shown how n the 21st Century countries and the government have understood the long-term benefits of subsidising in child development and how they are trying for betterment.

WHO in recent investigation on early chid development and education have proved supporting early development has one of the productive methodology for creating a better,farrier society with less discrimination and violence. The term ECCE (Early Childhood Care and Education) has been used by UNESCO to address the assistance for children right from their birth until the child enters elementary schooling.In recent epoch the definition of ECCE has drastically changed. Education before birth is one of the newer concepts been added to the term ECCE. It has been studied how younger infants burgeon when they have a positive interactive relationship with their parents and families who provide them with good prenatal education.

The given figure depicts the benefits of ECCE on the particular individual as well as on the society. The diagram clearly depicts why early life child development is essential and how different factors such as education, health, equality and social capital have positive implications on an individual and the society.The diagram also depicts how child education can have a longer effect on the individual when turning into an adult.

Newer technological perception about healthy development

With the advancement in technology newer methods for brain imaging like EEG (Electroencephalography ), PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) has empower the possibility of mapping of the diverging circuit, converging circuit, reverberating circuit and parallel after-discharge circuit in all forming the neural circuitry of the brain or the basic ‘wiring’ of the human brain. With discoveries in the epigenetics science, the quality and essence of the human brain’s responsibility and architecture is been significantly been shaped by babies early education and learning and has been studied through greater and accurate analysis of the molecular development and genetical processes taking place [14].

Also, in recent era the advancement of technology in the field of brain study have provided analysis how the human brain grows and starts developing while in the womb of the mother. While traditionally being thought as the brain development before birth primarily depends upon genes, researchers now believe the implication of the child’s experience also on the development of the brain. Studies have now proved how interaction with the mother affects the overall development of the baby and it’s thus understood having a positive interaction can evolve the brain of the fetus. The aptness to change and evolve in response to the interaction and environment, is the ‘plasticity’ of the brain [15 ].

After birth the child is able to solve problems, react to music and have a better ability to understand language with which he was influenced before birth compared to a baby without any interaction. Experience of neglected interaction and abuse can also cause genetically perfect infants to become mentally retarded or may develop some emotional difficulties in future.

How different parts of brain affect it’s functionality

A baby’s starts to grow since they are in the utero of their mother. Every part of the brain is responsible for performing a particular task in order to maintain the human body. The human brain has 3 main parts to perform and maintain all the activities taking place in the human body namely : Brain stem and cerebellum,Limbic system and the Cerebral cortex.

Brain stem and cerebellum are responsible for connecting the spinal cord with the brain and controlling body’s major tasks like heart rate, breathing, blood pressure ; while the Limbic system is looks after different operations such as maintain the body’s daily rhythms, emotions, hunger and thirst. The third part which is most crucial for prenatal education and child’s experiences is the Cerebral cortex.

Cerebral cortex is divided into four major sections to various functions:

• Occipital lobe which is used for visionary aspect.
• Frontal lobe which is responsible for memory,planning, self-regulation and problem solving sense.
• Temporal lobe has the functionality for hearing and is accountable for social interaction and language.
• Parietal lobe manages the various sense like heat, cold and pain.

How the brain develops before birth

Approximately one-quarter of human brains development takes betide before its birth i.e. the human brain keeps developing through the 9 months of pregnancy when it’s in the uterus of the mother [21]. The baby is able to move around in the womb of the mother as the nerve connections are established during the first trimester. Thus in the first 3 to 4 weeks of pregnancy baby’s brain and nervous system start developing. No major chanes takes place in the second trimester apart from more development of brain tissues and the nervous system. By the start of the third trimester, preparation of baby’s future learning and experiences start taking place in the brain as the cerebral cortex starts taking over the brain stem.

How attachment and early interaction can affect the baby

What a mother does in her pregnancy have direct effect on the baby. The baby learns what is been taught to him and he/she is able to remember and understand them perfectly even after birth. During pregnancy there is existence of only one body, though there are two souls living together. One body of the mother is responsible for providing all the necessary contains a baby might need during the pregnancy.Being one body,whatever tasks or learning is performed by the mother is directly transmitted to the baby present in the womb. From the start of the second trimester baby starts learning things which are done by their mother on regular basis and by the time they are born they are well aware of those things and have a slight edge over other babies in those particular operations. Also being able to hear baby learns whatever the mother speaks to him/her. Thus what a mother does can positively or negatively impact the child depending on the tasks that been done. It’s proved that whatever baby learns in the womb its likely that baby grows up can starts following that.

What mother does in pregnancy is transmitted directly to the fetus. The experiences and relationships a baby has in their early years helps in shaping the adult they will become. Infants flourish when their mother and families with knowledge about how to back baby’s development and their active learning secure a better, protective and positive relationship with them. Thus through all the learnings a baby secures while being in the womb can affect the overall development of the baby after birth and can also be used to predict what future education the baby is likely to purse based on the education, learning and interaction received.Although this is a newer concept of prognostication what the baby is likely to become as a lot of researchers are taking place for better prediction and results. In this report we analyse how it possible to prognosticate the future of the infant through the information provided to them before birth.

The three key aspects what baby learns

Prenatal development is the evolution of the human body before the birth and it is also known as antenatal development. Prenatal education is the process in which the expectant parents undergo a series of activities in order to interact positively with the baby. While for babies prenatal education is the teaching baby receives from their families that helps them to develop [22].

According to the latest research it is seen that baby starts learning and understanding things before birth. A baby is associated with his/her throughout the pregnancy duration and relies on the mother for well-being and health, for learning newer concepts about life through various values provided to it and also developing a analytical understanding with the help of various creative activities it does along with the mother.All these three aspects – Health, Values and Creativity go in conjunction in developing the child’s mind. All the skills set, values and qualities which are acquired during pregnancy from the mother can be used to anticipate which education stream the child would be likely suitable to opt for in future.

Values are the way in which one is distinguished on basis of things,people,action or maybe situation.Honesty, Love, Leadership, Mindfulness,Peace, Angry, Sadness, Meditation are some of the examples of values a person. A mother having values transmits them to the child through her actions. While health is defined as the overall well-being of a human, activities such as maintaining the diet, yoga,spa, radiology can help babies.

Creativity is doing things which turn your imaginative ideas into reality. Cognition, Language, Art, Music, Maths, Imaginative Thinking,Leadership, Planning and Problem solving, Social Interaction,Stability of mind are the different creativity aspects that help baby’s development towards education and learning. For Pre-birth prognostication of education and learning of a fetus we need to consider the creativity aspect of development as it is directly involved in the technical brain development.

How baby learns through experiences

Development through experiences

New born babies feel abate when they hear those familiar voices and sounds which they had heard before birth. Babies are able to recognize those sounds and music which they have heard even after they are born. Similarly new born baby is also able to remember the emotions her mother went through not directly but through brain changes in it. All the creative aspects done by the mother during pregnancy like solving mathematical questions, learning some language or maybe read a book have a impact on the baby’s brain and it somewhat recollect it after birth.

Through repetition and association

A baby gets familiarized with language and may respond spontaneously to them after birth if a mother keeps repeating them during pregnancy and keeps having conversations with the child [24].Baby is also able to relate certain things and words which a mother speaks with a certain mood.For example, the words you use to talk with the baby when you are extremely happy and extremely sad are remembered by the baby and after birth the baby can relate the emotions with the help of those words.

How age of the mother affects the development of the baby

Some researches in recent era have shown how women with age over 30 years have higher risks of pregnancy problems compare to babies to younger women.It also seen how higher risk causes a nosedive development to the baby. Also as there are complications such as miscarriage, birth defect, high blood pressure it somehow affects the baby’s learning process. Although studies in recent time have proved how this high risk can be reduce by taking proper care and facilities there is still effect on the child’s development and learning [25].

Conclusion

Education helps us to understand and provides us with the knowledge of the world and thus developing the leaners to become a better person by changing their attitude towards life.People ingrained with good education are capable of developing personally, economically as well as in social aspect.Illiteracy may cause poverty, unemployment, rapid population growth etc. People must be ingrained with good quality education to be able to match up with this competitive world. In order to survive in today’s world knowledge is the most vital asset which is provided by good education.