Critical Thinking: Nature or Nurture

• Nature or Nurture which is the more influential in the developing individual, and Why?

Between the two aspects, nature and nurture, they both equal have an impact on an individual. There has been multiple studies done on twins or triplets that indeed tested this theory. Some of the interesting findings of these experiments was that even if twins were separated and raised in different environments from one another, there would still be traits that each twin would share due to genetics.

In a documentary called “Three Identical Strangers”, triplets were separated at birth and raised in three different economic standings. Research followed them throughout their life and found that while each were separated there was still similarities in behaviors. While each did share genetics they also picked up traits from their parental environments that did impact them individually however genetics always took precedence. The development of a child from the womb and how the brain development is crucial to the traits that the person displays.

As the individual gets older, the conditions of how a parent raises the child in relation to the child’s traits can either enhance it or be expressed with limitation. Overall in the research that was conducted genetic and environmental factors worked together in the development of the person.

• Are psychiatric disorders physiological or psychological?

Psychiatric disorders can be best caused by physiological factors however can be triggered by psychological factor. If someone has a family history of having mental illness then it is more likely that the genetic trait can be passed down through generations.

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The traits may not always be apparent and lie dormant for a while in an individual then become triggered by a life changing/ traumatic event however the gene is still there. This event can stimulate this psychiatric disorder to come to surface and for the individual to lash out uncontrollably. Due to an interruption in the way the brain is functions leads to the lashing out of the psychiatric disorder. This goes hand in hand with nature or nurture. The disorders are not about the environment that the individuals are raised in but, the genetics of the individual.

• Do children of same-sex parents have more, less or about the same life adjustment issues of children of opposite sex parents, or single parents? Be specific.

Children that have the same sex parent have a relatively harder time adjusting to issues compared to children with opposite sex parents or single parents due to certain limiting factors. According to a journal article by Richard P. Fitzgibbons titled “ Growing up with gay parents; What is the big deal” he charters the different impacts that having children living in homes to homosexual parents. He provides evidence showing various studies demonstrating how children of homosexual parents have a lower percentage of graduating from high school compared to heterosexual parents. There are multiple factors that can contribute to these factors. In homes with motherless environments those children are lacking the soothing, emotional, and maternal relationship that can form a children through development. There is only so much a father can provide that would not fully compensate for the lack of the mother and a doubling of the fathers. For example homosexual fathers can not relate to their daughters completely especially when they are going through their menstrual cycle for the first time. Those are experiences that only a mother would understand. Children in heterosexual houses can easily go to their mother for comfort through this life changing experience. Even in situations with lacks of fathers there’s still a impact that the children is being deprived of which can be crucial especially for the development of young men. Boys that do not have a paternal figure in their lives usually struggle facing certain obstacles that mothers can not relate to.

• Are homosexuality, transsexualism, transgenderism: social-cultural, psychological, bio-genetic, or evolutionary traits?

Homosexuailt, transexualism, transgenderism is due to both psychological factors as well as socio-cultural factors conciending together. People who identify as homosexual do indeed contain hormone or biological markers that are aroused by the same sex due to a disruption during the development. Researchers found that there is a genetic influence of children who already have a homosexual parent and more likely pass down to females for an average of 60-50% compared to males which only accounted for about 30 %. There can be a major impact in the way the loci forms that also influence the sexual orientation of a person. Now on the other side the environment can also influence the behavior. Children grow up been taught what is “right” and “wrong” so if the parent encourages the sexual orientation and how they identify the they are more likely to continue. Every child faces experience where they are in a discovery phase and question who they like. They are in a way dependent on the parents to guide in the direction that can bring them understanding.

Work Sites

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4382746/
2. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-008-9457-3
3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223602022099
4. https://ifstudies.org/blog/what-three-identical-strangers-reveals-about-nature-and-nurturehttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/ pdf/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01136.x