IGCSE Coordinated Science: Energy

IGCSE Coordinated Science: Energy

Energy

Know that energy and work are measured in joules (J), and power in watts (W).
The energy of an object is measured in Joules (J). 1000 Joules = 1 kilojoule (kJ).
The power of an object is measured in Watts (W). 1000 Watts = 1 kilowatt (kW).

Demonstrate understanding that an object may have energy due to its motion (kinetic) or its position (potential), and that energy may be transferred and stored.
All objects have what we call internal energy in their molecules.

Internal energy is made out of Kinetic Energy (due to the motion of the molecules) and Potential Energy (due to the position of the object).
You can't create or destroy energy, energy is conserved. However, energy can be transferred and stored. For example, when you jump off a cliff (god forbid), the Potential Energy will slowly be converted to Kinetic Energy. The net energy remains the same, but you see a transfer of energy from one form to another.

Recall and use the expressions:
Kinetic Energy (J) = 1/2 x Mass x Velocity Squared
Potential Energy (J) = Mass x Gravitational Force x Height

Give and identify examples of energy in different forms, including kinetic, gravitational, chemical, strain, nuclear, thermal (heat), electrical, light, and sound.
Kinetic Energy examples:

Running a marathon
A ball falling off a cliff
Gravitational Potential Energy example:

A man standing on a cliff will have gravitational potential energy.
Chemical Energy example:

Chemical energy in a battery.
Strain Energy example:

Energy in an elastic band.
Nuclear Energy examples:

Nuclear bombs
Nuclear energy in a nuclear plant.

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Thermal Energy examples:

Sweating after a run
Heat released after cooking rice.
Electrical Energy example:

Turning on your TV.
Sound example:

Sound from microphones.
Light example:

Turning on a lightbulb.
Give and identify examples of the conversion of energy from one form to another, and of its transfer from one place to another.
In a battery, chemical energy changes into electrical energy.
In a wind turbine, wind is transformed into mechanical energy, which is then transformed into electrical energy.
Nuclear energy is transferred into heat and electrical energy in a nuclear plant.
When a ball falls off a cliff, gravitational potential energy is being transferred into kinetic energy.
Apply the principle of energy conservation to simple examples.
The principle of energy conservation states that "energy can neither be created nor destroyed."
A good example can be seen when we throw a ball off a cliff.
As the ball falls, the energy it loses as gravitational potential energy is being transferred into another form of energy, kinetic energy, and the amount transferred is the exact same as the amount lost via gravitational potential energy.