Sociology Final

Conflict theorists would contend that changes in ________ explain the high divorce rates in the United States.

According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires ________.

According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people’s actions.

According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________.

Functionalist and conflict theorists tend to focus on the ________, or large scale patterns of society, in conducting their analyses.

Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fit together to form a whole as ________.

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a ________ theorist and John would be seen as a ________ theorist.

Of the following, which variable do sociologists emphasize the most as being the determining motivation for our thinking and behavior?

People all over the world, especially college students are breaking down national boundaries because of advances in communication, trade, and travel.

This is referred to as ________.

Sociologists who analyze how behavior depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.

What is the use of objective, systematic observation to test theories often employed by sociologists?

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and ________.

The term “survival of the fittest” which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism, was coined by ________.

The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was ________.

The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was ________.

The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was ________.

The early European sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?

The concept used to describe opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ________.

Sue believes she is an expert in interpreting gestures, silence, the use of space, and expressions people make in their daily interaction. In view of this, which phrase best describes Sue’s self-proclaimed expertise?

Which group of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?

A face saving technique where all parties involved in an embarrassing situation ignore it and continue their conversation or interaction as though the embarrassing situation never happened is referred to as ________.

A focus on the broad features of society to analyze such things as social class and how groups relate to one another is ________.

A position in society that someone holds that cuts across other statuses they hold, such as being a high ranking Army officer, college president, or handicapped would be considered their ________.

According to Durkheim, when a society increases in size, its division of labor becomes more specialized. People begin to depend on one another and become interdependent. This form of social cohesion he termed ________.

According to Piaget, when children are capable of abstract thinking they have reached the stage of development called the ________.

The research in the early 1960s using rhesus monkeys to demonstrate the importance of intimate physical contact in the rearing of animals was conducted by ________.

The social institution that is most recognized for allocating power, determining authority, and preventing chaos is ________.

The sociologist who studied feral children, including the abused child Isabelle who was discovered in 1938 living in an attic with her deaf-mute mother, was ________.

The spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another is called ________.

The term cultural lag, which means that not all aspects of a culture change at the same rate, was coined by sociologist ________.

The two anthropologists who studied the Hopi Indians and concluded that language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world were ________.

The typical patterns of a group, such as its usual relationships between men and women or students and teachers, is referred to as ________.

To show ourselves as adept role players and to gain positive recognition from others, we often have additional people work with us to ensure that our role communicates to others the ideas we want them to form about us. This is referred to as ________.

Using police records, crime reports, and economic reports, Max will test his hypothesis that unemployed men are more likely to commit spousal abuse than men who are employed. He will most likely use a form of ________ analysis to test his hypothesis

Walker is conducting research on scholarship recipients at Faber College. In his sample of 250 students, he is ensuring he has a proportionate number of students based on class standing, race, sex, and major course of study. Walker’s sample is an example of a[n] ________.

What are the three primary variables in determining one’s social class?

What are the three qualities on which research ethics are based?

What concept do sociologists have in mind when they say “society makes us human”?

What did the Harlow experiment conclude as being the key to infant-mother bonding?

What is another term used to describe the research method called participant observation?

What is the defining characteristic of a representative sample?

What is the major problem using participant observation as a research tool?

What term applies to the stages people pass through from birth to death, beginning with “childhood” and concluding with “the older years”?

What term does Durkheim use to describe the degree to which members of a society are united by shared values and other social bonds?

What term is used to describe children who are assumed to have been raised by animals in the wilderness and isolated from other children, such as the “wild boy of Aveyron”?

What term would Mead use to refer to the norms, values, attitudes and expectations of the public?

What two sociological perspectives are most linked to macrosociology?

What was the result of research on mother-child bonding based on hours per week children spent in daycare?

When Harry returned from a business meeting in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, his wife asked him what he thought of the Vietnamese people. Harry replied, “they’re primitive people who eat roast dog, drive wildly around town on motor scooters, and talk very fast.” Harry’s reply best qualifies as an example of ________.

When Peter Rossi and the National Opinion Research Center studied the homeless, it was necessary for them to develop a practical and accurate description to determine exactly what constituted being homeless. This description would be classified as a[n] ________.

When a group has a distinctive way of looking at life, but at the same time their values and norms reflect the dominant culture of their society, the group would be considered a[n] ________.

When a respondent tells a researcher who is asking questions of a serious nature the “socially acceptable” answers, it would be an example of ________.

When evaluating how members of Western and Eastern cultures view situations, Westerners typically see ________, while Eastern cultures (Asians) see ________.

When we communicate information about ourselves, we use the social setting, our appearance, and manners to make impressions on others. Erving Goffman referred to these methods as ________.

Which of the following is not one of the five functional requisites that every society must fulfill to survive?

Which of the following examination formats is most likely to incorporate closed-ended questions?

Which of the following groups is least qualified as a social institution?

Which of the following groups would NOT be an example of a counterculture?

Which of the following is an example of social interaction?

Which of the following perspectives is most appropriate for a research sociologist to use?

Which of the following represents a correct sequence of steps in the research process?

Which of the following represents an achieved status?

Which of the following statements best describes how stereotypes effect our interaction with others when we first meet?

Which of the following statements is the best example of a hypothesis?

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Which of the following traits is least likely to be linked to “nature” (heredity) and more likely linked to “nurture” (the social environment)?

Which sociological perspective is most linked to microsociology?

Which statement is least accurate in describing gestures?

Why did Mario Brajuha refuse to turn over his research notes to the authorities, even when subpoenaed?

Why did a number of sociologists think Laud Humphreys’ research on tearooms was unethical?

Sociologically, what term best applies to a group of people who share no common destination taking an elevator from the first floor of a large high rise ?

Who is the sociologist given credit for coining the concept of the McDonaldization of Society?

The experience of being cut off from the product of one’s labor that results in a feeling of powerlessness is called ________.

In group decision making, a form of tunnel vision that develops in which suggested alternatives are perceived as signs of disloyalty is called ________.

The “dawn of civilization” is most associated with which social revolution?

According to strain theory, the underlying cause of deviance is that people experience a sense of normlessness. This sense of normlessness is referred to as ________.

John desires the best things in life…a fast car, designer clothes, and membership in exclusive clubs. But rather than work his way through the system, he has discovered he can have all these things by selling crack cocaine in the inner city. How would Merton classify John?

A group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation is referred to as a ________.

The theory developed by Robert Merton is based on the idea that most people want to attain cultural goals, but not everyone has the legitimate means of achieving them is ________ theory.

What was the distinguishing feature of Calvinism that contributed to the rise of capitalism?

When the former Soviet Union collapsed, NATO forces were no longer needed to protect Europe from a communist invasion. Rather than disband NATO, it was turned into a “rapid response force” to fight terrorism. Sociologists would term this shift in focus an example of ________.

A phenomenon of group dynamics that results in a decrease in one’s willingness to help others as the size of the group increases is referred to as ________.

What is the sociological significance of the Hmong practice of zij poj niam (marriage by capture)?

What is the widespread acceptance of using rules, efficiency, and practical results to determine human affairs and the building of social organizations around this concept?

Who conducted the classic experiment addressing the power of peer pressure that included six “stooges” and one actual test subject viewing cards with lines of varying length?

A society that is based on the harnessing of machines powered by fuels is called a[n] ________ society.

Of the following groups, the one that plays the most significant role in the development of self is the ________.

The underlying motivation for a new class of crime referred to as hate crime is ________.

Ritualistic procedures intended to humiliate norm violators and mark them as being moral outcasts of the group to which they once belonged are called ________.

Who was the analyst who pinpointed five ways in which Japanese corporations differ from those in the United States?

Because of our sense of belonging and loyalty to in-groups, we often tend to judge our own group’s traits as virtues, but see the same traits in other groups as vices. This judgment of superiority is an example of ________.

Milgram’s experiment involving the “small world phenomenon” utilized two groups. He referred to these two groups as the ________ and ________.

How would conflict theorists classify migrant workers, seasonal employees, and members of the workforce who are subject to layoffs?

The term degradation ceremony was coined by sociologist ________.

The use of video cameras to peer over employees’ shoulders, the monitoring of air quality within the workplace, and the prohibiting of smoking by employees anywhere on company property is what sociologist Gary Marx calls ________.

In any group of three members two of the three may have a tendency to alienate the third member and dominate the decision making for the group the trio represents. When this occurs, what term best applies to the two unified members?

Infidelity, recreational drug use, and cheating on one’s income tax return are behaviors that are becoming more and more common and to a degree, socially acceptable. What term do sociologists apply to this phenomenon?

The specific Protestant theology that influenced Max Weber’s theories of social change and the development of The Spirit of Capitalism was ________.

Of the following, the crime with the highest rearrest rate within three years of release from prison is ________.

Which of the following is the best example of “worker empowerment”?

A small work team in the design department has decided to fire one of the members of the their department.

A system of beliefs that justifies a particular social arrangement such as slavery is called ________.

According to Adorno, a[n] ________ is a person who is prejudiced and ranks high on scales of conformity, intolerance, insecurity, respect for authority, and submissiveness to superiors.

According to Gaetano Mosca, every society is stratified by ________ to ensure that society’s work gets done.

According to Melvin Tumin, which of the following high school seniors will most likely attend college?

Agatha has worked for ten years in the public relations department of a large firm. She has been promoted to several higher paying managerial positions, but never to an executive position, even though she has directed several successful projects for the firm. Her lack of promotion illustrates ________.

Approximately one and a half million Americans over the age of 65 are in nursing homes. This accounts for approximately ________ percent of the nation’s elderly.

Approximately what percentage of each tax dollar is dedicated to Social Security and Medicare benefits?

As a full professor of sociology, Jackie ranks high in prestige, but relatively low in income. What can one expect of her political views?

She will be more politically radical.

As the “baby boom” generation reaches retirement age, what can be expected of its effect on the economy?

Ashley Montagu, a physical anthropologist, classified humans into ________ different racial groups.

At the steel plant all minorities hired are assigned to work the battery pits, one of the dirtiest jobs in the mill. Even so, all battery pit workers wear this assignment as a badge of honor and have developed a close social bond that transcends the time they spend at the mill. How would Karl Marx describe their solidarity?

Bartholemew is a member of the second estate in Europe during the middle ages. In view of this, what is Bartholemew’s most likely social location?

Based on the Marxist orientation of conflict sociologists, how many distinct social classes exist?

Based on the accident that led to the sex change of a seven-month identical twin and the Vietnam veterans’ study, which statement is most accurate regarding the effects of nature and nurture on behavior?

Human nature is the result of nature and nurture working together.

Based on the global stratification model adopted by Henslin, nations of the former Soviet Union and its former satellites in Eastern Europe are classified as ________.

Based on the most recent research, why are race and ethnicity a factor in medical decisions that favor treatment for white patients?

Based on the statistical abstracts, a person possessing which of the following two qualities is most likely to be poor?

Based on the textbook, what are two ways a group becomes a minority?

Based on the work of Cumming and Henry, when does disengagement begin?

Based the same levels of academic achievement, where does the greatest pay gap exist between men and women over their lifetime?

Because the first of the baby boom generation has now turned 50, we are likely to see a shift to more positive images of the elderly. What is the major reason for this?

Both the FBI and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collect data on the incidence of rape. Which statement best summarizes the relationship between the results obtained by the FBI compared to those obtained by the NCVS?

Changes in society that cause large numbers of people to move up or down the class ladder which causes one class to increase while others decrease is called ________ mobility

Citizens in which of the following nations pay the lowest social security taxes?

Citizens of which country have the longest life expectancy?

England was one of the first nations in which industrial capitalism developed. According to world system theory, England would be a ________ nation.

Eric Wright revised Marx’s concept of social classes by regarding some people as simultaneously occupying more than one class. He termed their positions in the class structure ________.

Felix tends goats in Peru, while his wife, Maria, takes care of the family crops. John is a nurse in France and his wife, Sonia, is a midwife. Based on cross-cultural studies, whose work would be given more prestige in their respective societies?

Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, any Asian was viewed as an enemy of America. This phenomenon that occurs when one ethnic group that resembles another is also discriminated against because of mere association is called ________.

For the last five years Sarah has been trying to recover her ethnic heritage by tracing her family line. This attempt to trace her family line is an example of ________.

Francis recently found out he had a terminal disease and could expect to live for only a short time. He has made a will, paid all his bills, and given instructions to his children. According to Kubler-Ross, Francis is in the stage of ________.

George Murdock discovered only a few jobs were consistently male dominated in his study of 324 societies around the world. Which of the following is not one of the male dominated jobs?

How do television advertisements typically portray the elderly?

How do theorists view the relationship between industrialization and the social value of the elderly in the United States?

How does the Gramm-Rudman Law, which seeks to limit the amount of federal debt, deal with the vast amounts of money the government has borrowed from the social security fund?

How does the U.S. Census instruct Americans to classify themselves as it relates to race?

How have standardized test scores in science and math changed among males and females?

How much is the average per capita annual income in the United States that includes every American?

How much is the typical annual family income in the United States?

If a person were living during Karl Marx’s lifetime and worked at the Smittertown ironworks, Marx would consider that person a member of the ________.

In 1996 the U.S. welfare system was restructured. Supporters of this reform maintain that the new system rescues people from poverty and reduces welfare costs. What is the primary evidence they point out to support this?

In American history who were the “white ethnics”?

In society, what is the group called with the greatest power, privileges, and social status?

Of the following methods, which would be the best way to preserve a stratification system?

Pedro, a legal immigrant from Mexico, and George, a white male whose family has been in America for several generations, have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro’s loan was turned down while George’s loan was given to him. In comparing their credit history, both men had good credit, and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ________ against Pedro.

Politically, the class of people who are more likely to feel that the government should intervene in the economy to make citizens financially secure are the ________.

Slavery and apartheid are both examples of how a country’s dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage. What do sociologists call this policy?

A central city that is surrounded by smaller cities and suburbs is referred to as a ________.

A city of 10,000 to 50,000 residents that is not a suburb of another larger city that is often located “next to nowhere” is called a[n] ________.

A crucial factor that enables social movements to make it past the initial unrest and agitation stage is ________.

A form of the enterprise zone that combines tax breaks and low interest loans in redeveloping areas is called ________.

A large group of people who organize to resist or promote social change, such as the organized effort of African Americans to gain civil rights in the 1960s is classified as a ________.

A situation where there are more bystanders but a tendency for fewer of the bystanders to help in an emergency is referred to as ________.

A social movement qualifying as a transformative social movement that is based on the prophecy of coming calamity is called a ________ social movement.

A social movement that emphasizes world change rather than changing a condition in a specific society, such as the global women’s movement, is called a transnational social movement or a ________.

According to Karl Marx, what would be the end result of workers being pushed by capitalists to make more and more products without appropriate changes in compensation and treatment?

According to Marx, human history shows that struggle develops between the thesis and its antithesis, leading to a synthesis. Marx called this historical change a ________.

According to Max Weber the idea that Protestants should work hard and be thrifty was an unexpected consequence of the ________.

According to sociologist Herbert Gans, people experience the city differently. How did Gans suggest some people find a sense of community in the city?

According to sociologist William Julius Wilson, what organizational change in society transformed the inner cities into ghettos.

According to sociologists Alfred and Elizabeth Lee, there are seven basic techniques that are used by propagandists. One technique is to have candidates pose for photographers in jeans and a work shirt or having lunch at a fast-food restaurant. This is an example of the ________ strategy.

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, why do women in poor nations bear a large number of children?

According to the text, there is no energy shortage now or will there ever be as fossil fuels are not the only source of energy available. What argument do conflict theorists present to explain why these abundant alternative sources are not used?

Actions, such as lynchings, performed by a group of people who bypass the usual norms governing their behavior and do something unusual is referred to as ________.

Alan is a part of a group protesting the reductions in student financial aid at Boston University. He is presently a junior and is protesting because without financial aid he cannot complete his degree. Based on Turner and Killian’s identification of the type of people who participate in collective behavior, Alan would be considered a[n] ________.

Although all the faculty members of Acadia University have new state of the art computers several professors refuse to use them and even replaced them with personal typewriters. This is an example of ________.

An institutionalized social movement is underway on campus to reduce violence against women. In view of this, which of the following actions is least likely to occur?

An urban legend is a story with an ironic twist that sounds realistic, but is false. According to folklorist Jan Brunvand, urban legends teach us a three moral lessons about life. Which of the following is not one of the three moral lessons identified by Brunvand?

At approximately which period in history did cities begin to develop on a large scale in several parts of the world?

Based on Gans’ typologies of city dwellers, what classification do the elderly, mentally ill, and drug addicts fall into?

Based on the classic Marxist view, what is the new arrangement of power that develops when the previous position is altered due to its inherent contradictions?

Because of new technologies, more parents can work at home which can strengthen families and lead to a decrease in the divorce rate. This example demonstrates how new technology can transform ________.