Sociology 101 Chapter 2

Which of the following terms is used to describe a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem.
a. scientific method
b. experiment
c.value neutrality
d.social science

Which of the following is NOT incorporated into the basic principles of the code of ethics for sociology?
a. a required number of data sources
b. disclosure of sources of financial support
c. respect for subjects privacy
d. acknowledgment of research collaboration

When was sociology’s code of ethics first published?

a. 1971
b. 1947
c. 1917
d. 1871

Ethnography is the most common form of ________ research, which relies on what is seen in the field and in naturalistic settings more than it does on statistical data.
a. observational
b. quantitative
c. experimental
d. qualitative

Sociologists conduct a “review of the literature” to.
a. refine the problem under study
b. eliminate or reduce the number of avoidable mistakes they make
c. clarify possible techniques to be used in collecting data
d.all of these answers are correct

A research design is a(n)

a.indicator of attitudes, behavior, or characteristics of people or organizations.
b.speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
c.explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept.
d.detailed plan or method for scientifically obtaining data.

A research measure that provides consistent results is considered
a. a scale
b. valid
c. an index
d. reliable

When a researcher collects information about a group through direct involvement and inspection, this is known as
a. secondary analysis
b. observation
c. an experiment
d. a survey

A variable is
a.the unintended influence that observers or experiments can have on their subjects.
b.a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions.
c.a speculative statement about the relationship between two traits.
d.the extent to which a measure provides consistent results.

An operational definition is
a.a relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other.
b. a speculative statement about the relationship between two variables.
c.the extent to which a measure provides consistent results.
d.an explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept.

A study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides sociologists with information concerning how people think or act is known as
a. secondary analysis
b. a survey
c. observation research
d. an experiment

What is commonly the second step in the scientific method?
a. selecting the research design
b. reviewing the literature
c. collecting and analyzing data
d. defining the problem

Validity refers to.
a.he accurate measurement of the phenomenon under study.
b.the ethical standards that are followed by sociologists.
c.the provision of consistent results.
d.independent, rather than dependent, variables.

“Value neutrality” in social science research was initially called for by
a. W.E.B. DuBois
b. Max Weber
C. William Zellner
D. Emile Durkheim

After a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process?
a. generate ideas for future research
b. define the problem
c. choose a research design
d. create a hypothesis

In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the independent variable is called the
a. study group
b. experimental group
c. control group
d. representative group

The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable is referred to by social scientists as a(n)
a. independent variable
b. spurious variable
c. dependent variable
d. operational variable

Which of the following is included in the code of ethics for sociology?
a.protection of research subjects from personal harm
b.maintaining confidentiality
c.objectivity and integrity in research
d.all of these answers are correct

If you were interested in studying the relationship between date and acquaintance rape victims and the characteristics of the rapist, your first step would be to
a. define the problem
b. review the literature on date and acquaintance rape
c. create a hypothesis
d. choose a research design

A researcher finds that those who have children at a young age are significantly more likely to have lower levels of education as a result of early childbearing. This would be an example of
a. a correlation
b. a hypothesis
c. an effect
d. casual logic