The research worker has adopted a doctrinal signifier of research to make his undertaking. The undertaking entails the research worker to analyze the construct of matrimony under Muslim jurisprudence. Assorted beginnings both primary and secondary beginnings have been consulted for the same. No portion of this undertaking is plagiarized and the undertaking is the original work of the research worker.
Introduction
To what extent is sharia a fixed set of norms that apply to all Muslims? Many assume that Islamic law regulations can merely be found either by reading the Quran or by listening to the sentiment of any Muslim priest.
They besides assume that all Muslims are bound by the same regulations and that Islamic law regulations can thus be enforced across national boundary lines to all Muslims every bit, in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe. But is this correct? And if non, what so is the right apprehension of Islamic laws?
“ When people refer to the Islamic law, they are, in fact, mentioning to their Islamic laws in the name of the ageless will of the Almighty God.
‘“ The assortment of significances of Islamic law has given rise to a flexible, multi-interpretable discourse about Islamic law and jurisprudence which moves swimmingly from one significance of Islamic law to another. ”
Marriage or “ Nikah ” in Islamic jurisprudence is a contract pure and simple necessitating no authorship and no frightened rites. All that is necessary is offer and credence made in the presence and hearing of two male or female informants and entering the factum of matrimony in the “ Nikah ” Register maintained in every mosque signed by the parties and attested by informants.
![](https://paperap.com/wp-content/themes/theme/img-rh/star.svg")
4.7 (348)
“ Amazing as always, gave her a week to finish a big assignment and came through way ahead of time. ”
It is collectible to the married woman on the disintegration of matrimony or decease or divorce. In India, there is no demand to register the Muslim matrimony, as there is no jurisprudence necessitating enrollment. I am thankful to Dr.Vijender Kumar to give me this valuable chance to make an undertaking on “ The Concept of Marriage under Muslim Law ” .
We have seen, it is the household jurisprudence that has ever represented the really bosom of the Shari’a, for it is this portion of the jurisprudence that is regarded by the Muslims as come ining into the really warp and weft of their faith.
By and large talking, in the jurisprudence of the household entirely that the Shari’a is still applied to some four hundred million Muslims, for it is virtually merely in the Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, Northern Nigeria that the Shari’a is applied today, as such, outside the domain of household dealings and personal position.
It is exactly in respects to the jurisprudence of matrimony and divorce that the conflict is joined today between the forces of conservativism and advancement in the Muslim universe, and the vicissitudes of that conflict provide, as we have seen, a gage of societal advancement, a mirror of the progress of modernism in Islam, and an illustration of how a nominally changeless jurisprudence can be changed in the pattern.
Let us get down so with a drumhead statement of Islamic jurisprudence in these affairs. A Muslim adult female is bound to monogamy, while a Muslim adult male may hold every bit many as four married women at one time, but no more. In add-on, the Ithna ‘Ashari subdivision of the Shi’a, entirely, allows him to hold any figure impermanent matrimonies, or “ matrimony of enjoyment, ” while all schools allow an adult male to indulge rights of concubinage with his ain female slaves. Any sexual intercourse outside these bounds constitutes zina, or illicit sex dealings, for which the penalty is decease by lapidating in the instance of a wrongdoer who has of all time consummated lawful matrimony, and one hundred cilia in the instance of others.
But these punishments can rarely be decently imposed because of the extremely demanding criterion of cogent evidence required, and the rule that such penalties are averted by any circumstance of doubt-besides the fact that Islamic condemnable jurisprudence has today merely a really limited application. In add-on, a Muslim hubby may disown his married woman or married woman at any clip and at his one-sided discretion. So much for a really general sum-up. It is indispensable, nevertheless, foremost to see this against its historical background and so lucubrate it in greater item.
Marriages in Islam
Islam, unlike other faiths, is a strong advocator of matrimony. There is no topographic point for celibacy like, for illustration the Roman Catholic priests and nuns. The prophesier ( PBUH ) has said “ there is no celibacy in Islam.
Marriage is a spiritual responsibility and is accordingly a moral precaution every bit good as a societal necessity. Islam does non equal celibacy with high “ taqwa ” “ Iman ” . The prophesier has besides said, “ Marriage is my tradition who so of all time keeps off therefrom is non from amongst me ”.
Marriage acts as a mercantile establishment for sexual demands and modulates it so one does non go a slave to his/ her desires.
It is a societal necessity because through matrimony, households are established and the household is the cardinal unit of our society. Furthermore, matrimony is the lone legitimate or halal manner to indulge in familiarity between an adult male and an adult female. Islam takes the center of the route place to sexual dealings, it neither condemns it like certain faiths nor does it let it freely. Islam urges us to command and modulate our desires, whatever they may be so that we remain dignified and non-go-like animate beings.
Historical Background
In pre-Islamic Arabia, it seems, there were several types of matrimony, running likely from the patrilineal and including the alleged “ matrimony of impermanent enjoyment. ”
The most respectable signifier, nevertheless, was patrilinear matrimony in which the groom paid a dowry for, or to, his bride.
This has developed no uncertainty, out of the widespread usage of paying bride-wealth to the folk or the household of the bride for the loss of her generative capacity and as a stabilization both of the brotherhood and of the relation between two households; but it would look that even before the coming of Islam the dowry had come to be regarded in Arabia as decently belonging to the bride herself. In any instance this is a feature of the Islamic jurisprudence of matrimony, nevertheless much it is still disregarded in pattern in some quarters. Muslim legal experts frequently in fact employ the simile of sale and see the dowry as consideration for matrimonial rights-a consideration that constitutes an indispensable component in every Muslim matrimony. Nor is this dowry repayable on divorce, in Islamic jurisprudence, one time the matrimony has been consummated, even where the married woman is chiefly at mistake, except by her ain voluntary understanding.
Hanafis, on the other manus, see that a grownup adult female may contract herself in matrimony provided she chooses a hubby who is her “ equal ” in regard to household, trade, faith, and so forth; that merely bush leagues may be given in matrimony without their consent; and that even bush leagues have an option of disowning such matrimony when they reach bulk I all instances in which the defender who acted for them was other than male parent or gramps.[ 2 ]The other Sunni schools exclude matrimony by irresistible impulse by any except the male parent or male parent’s male parent ( or, in the instance of the Malikis, the male parent or male parent or his executor ); but they extend such irresistible impulse, in regard of virgins girls, far beyond bulk.
In add-on, an adult male is prohibited from being married, at one and the same clip, to two adult females who would be debarred, were one of them a male, from getting married to each other.
An Overview of Concept of Marriage in Muslim Law
Islam, unlike other faiths, is a strong advocator of matrimony. There is no topographic point of celibacy in Islam like the Roman Catholic priests & A ; nuns. The Prophet has said “ There is no Celibacy in Islam ” .
Marriage acts as a mercantile establishment for sexual demands & A ; regulates it so one doesn’t go break one’s back to his/her desires. It is a societal demand because through matrimony, households are established and the households are the cardinal entity of our society. Furthermore, matrimony is the lone legitimate or halal manner to indulge in familiarity between an adult male and an adult female.
Islamic matrimony although licenses polygamy but it wholly prohibits polyandry. Polygamy though permitted was guarded by several conditions by Prophet but these conditions are not obeyed by the Muslims in toto.
PositionBefore the birth of Islam, there were several traditions in Arab. These traditions were holding several unethical procedures like. Buying of miss from parents by paying an amount of money. Temporary matrimonies. Marriage with two existent sisters at the same time. Freeness of giving up and once more accepting adult females. These unethical traditions of the society needed to be abolished; Islam did it and brought a drastic alteration in the construct of matrimony.
The word “ Zawj ” is used in the Quran to intend a brace or a mate. The general intent of matrimony is that the sexes can supply company to one another, procreate legitimate kids & A ; unrecorded in peace & A ; repose to the commandments of Allah. Marriage serves as a means to emotional & amp; sexual satisfaction and as a means of tenseness decrease.
Is marriage compulsory or non?
Harmonizing to Imams Abu Hanifa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal & A; Malik ibn Anas, matrimony in Islam is recommendatory, nevertheless, in certain persons, it becomes Wajib or obligatory. Imam Shafi considers it to Nafl or Mubah ( preferred ) . The general sentiment is that if an individual, male or female fights that if he/she does non get married they will perpetrate fornication, so matrimony becomes “ Wajib ” . However, one should non get married if he does non possess the agencies to keep a married woman and future household or if he has no sex thrust or if dislikes kids, or if he feels matrimony will earnestly impact his spiritual duties.
Requirements of Muslim Nikah
The celebration of Muslim matrimony requires attachment to certain signifiers and expressions. They are called the necessities of valid matrimony. If any of these demands is non fulfilled the matrimony becomes either nothingness or irregular, as the instance may be. The necessities are as follows:
- Proposal and Acceptance
- Competent Parties
- No legal Disability
Absolute Prohibition
There is an absolute prohibition of matrimony in an instance or relationship of blood kinship which means the relationship of the individual through his/her male parent or female parent on the ascending side, or through his or her ain on the descending side.
Marriage among the individuals related by affinity, Internet Explorer, through the married woman, is non permitted. Marriage with surrogate female parent and other related through such surrogate female parent is besides null.
Valid or Sahih Marriage: -A Under the Muslim jurisprudence, valid matrimony is that which has been constituted in conformity with the indispensable condition prescribed earlier. It confers upon the married woman; the right of dowry, care, and abode, imposes on her duty to be faithful and obedient to her hubby, admit sexual intercourse with him & A ; observe Iddat.
Irregular or Fasid Marriage: A – Those matrimonies which are the result of failures on a portion of parties in nonfulfillment of requirements but so besides are matrimonies; to be terminated by one of the party is termed to be Irregular matrimonies. The obligations and rights set between the two parties during and after the matrimony are to be enforced till legality. On the footing of a matrimony hubby and married woman do non acquire the right on one another ‘s belongings.
THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY:
Battle or Mangni: Does nonmeasure up the hereafter spouses to travel out together, even if the parent’s consent. Man and adult females become allowable for each other merely after the public presentation of Nikah.
Dowry: The unislamic system of demanding and accepting dowery must be avoided at all costs. Shariah does non do any expense officeholder on the bride/bride’s parents. Even the matrimony disbursals, it is recommended to be borne by the bridegroom. However, the bride can convey whatever she wants of her free will, and it will ever belong to her.
Other Unislamic Customs: Many other unislamic imposts have crept into the matrimony ceremonial of some Muslims. These imposts are either borrowed from non-Muslim civilizations or go on because they are established in past coevalss. One must avoid them if they are against Shariah, even if some people are displeased. Other imposts like the breakage of coconut etc. besides do non have among the Islamic rites. All actions, imposts etc. , which show discourtesy to Islam or weaken the importance of Islam, have to be avoided.
Haraam Acts: Some of the rites in matrimony ceremonials are perfectly Haraam like the playing of music. It is besides Haraam for ladies to travel for assorted assemblages without proper Hijab. Such things invite godly wrath and take away the approvals of this auspicious juncture. In Islamic Law, matrimony is an Aqd, a contract. The constituents of this contract are as follows. Proposal: In Islam, the procedure of proposal by an adult male to an adult female for her manus in matrimony, or for that affair, to her household, is encouraged. Islam considers this natural, and recommends it as an act of reputability and self-respect for adult females.
B. Mahr: And the intending hubby is asked to offer a Mahr to the bride. Holy Quran says, And give adult females their Mahr as a free gift, but if they of themselves be pleased to give up to you a part of it, so eat it with enjoyment and with wholesome consequence.
The undermentioned points are worthy of consideration:
- Mahr must be agreed upon by the get married spouses themselves, non by parents.
- Mahr is her right, to which her hubby remains indebted.
The Mahr may be a hard currency, sort or non-material ( like preparation or learning something ) . It can be paid upfront or can be in the signifier of promise to pay upon demands decided prior to the celebration of matrimony. Moajjal ( immediate ) , Muwajjal and Indat-talab ( on demand ) . However, it is much recommended to pay it before or at the clip of Nikah itself.
Marriage is a spiritual responsibility of every Muslim and it is considered to be a moral precaution and a societal demand. The Prophet has besides said “ Marriage is my tradition whosoever keeps off therefrom is non from amongst me. ” Holy Quran says: And marry those among you who are individual and those who are fit among your male slaves and your female slaves; if they are destitute, Allah will do them free from want out of His grace; and Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing. ( Surah Nur 24:32 ) .The above ayat begins with the words Wa Ankehoo ( And get married… ) The imperative signifier of the word ‘nikah ‘ implies that either it is obligatory or extremely recommended. Harmonizing to bookmen, though matrimony is an extremely recommended act, becomes obligatory when there is an opportunity of falling into sin. Holy Prophet Muhammad ( s.a.w. ) says, “ No house has been built in Islam more beloved in the sight of Allah than through matrimony. ”
On another juncture, Holy Prophet Muhammad said: “ The best people of my state ( Ummat ) are those who get married and have chosen their married women, and the worst people of my state are those who have kept off from matrimony and are go throughing their lives as unmarried men. “ Imam Ali ( a.s. ) exhorts, “ Marry because matrimony is the tradition of Holy Prophet Muhammad. ” Holy Prophet Muhammad besides said, “ Whosoever likes to follow my tradition, so he should cognize that matrimony is from my tradition. ”
Unlike Hindu where matrimony is a sacrament, matrimonies in Muslims have the nature of the civil contract. Marriage is necessary for the legitimization of a kid. When the matrimony is done in conformity to the prescribed norms it creates assorted rights and duties on both parties.
Concept Of Marriage Under Muslim Law Religion Essay. (2017, Jul 30). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-concept-of-marriage-under-muslim-law-religion-essay/
