Chemistry Essay Examples
Introduction: In this experiment, we utilized the ability for the iodide ion to become oxidized by the persulphate ion. Our general reaction can be described as: (NH4)2S2O8 + 2KI A I2 + (NH4)2SO4 + K2SO4 (1a) However, we know that in an aqueous solution, all of these compounds except iodine will dissociate into their ionic…
Experiment. EDTA Titration of Ca2+ in an unknown solution Experiment. EDTA Titration of Ca2+ in an unknown water sample Modified 9/2012 Objective: The most common multivalent metal ions in natural waters are Ca2+ and Mg2+. In this experiment, you will find the total concentration of calcium ions that can react with EDTA with the assumptions…
Enzymes are proteins which serve to reduce the activation energy required for biological reactions (Russell and others 2010). This allows biologically important chemical reactions to occur rapidly enough to allow cells to carry out their life processes (Russell and others 2010). Enzymes are made of one or more polypeptide strands, which individually or as an…
To determination the partition coefficient of ethanoic acid between water and butan-2-ol. Procedure 1. The room temperature was recorded. 2. 15cm3 of the given aqueous ethanoic acid and 15cm3 of butan-2-ol were poured into a 100cm3 separating funnel, using suitable apparatus. The funnel was stoppered and was shook vigorously for 1 to 2 minutes. (The…
Abstract Thermal analysis of a solid-liquid phase using cooling curves at various compositions is a method used to obtain the eutectic composition and temperature of naphthalene-biphenyl. The XE was 0. 45 and the TE was 310. 3K these are slightly different from the theoretical values which are 0. 44 and 312K respectively. Results The cooling…
Theory and mechanism Epoxidation is a reaction of an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid (also called peracid) to produce an epoxide product, generally performed in inert solvents, such as dichloromethane. The epoxide product is a cyclic ether in which the ring contains three atoms. The alkene gains an oxygen from the peracid in a syn…
Dr. Clara Lim-Sylianco is a Filipino scientist known on her works on mutagens, anti-mutagens, and Carcinogenic chemicals found in various fruits and vegetables. She also authored schoolbooks that are still makes use in schools nowadays. She received the Gregorio Y. Zara award in 1979; she also served as the UP Endowment Professorial Chair in chemistry…
For this experiment our primary goal was to observe and note the reaction of butanols with hydrobromic acid. Before the lab began we discussed and proposed mechanisms. (see “Mechanisms”) To begin this experiment we calculated how much of each material we were going to be using, and the numbers we chose to use differed from…
Demonstrating that sulphuric is dibasic: Aim: The aim of my plan is to demonstrate that sulphuric acid is dibasic. Introduction: Acid is a substance that reacts with a base to form a salt and water similarly a base is a substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water. “Lewis (a scientist)…
The following are possible factors that may contribute to acheiving a higher yeild. Firstly, it is possible that there was contamination from outside sources, such as lint or dust particles that could have fallen into the drying precipitate. Secondly are impurities accumulated through water. Non-distilled water can contain many minerals and impurities , aswell as…
The redox titration will be done between potassium permanganate and ethanedioic acid. This reaction requires acid catalyst because ethanedioic acid is too weak an acid to make the solution acidic enough to react at a reasonable rate. Sulphuric acid is in the mixture and provides the acid catalyst. The ethanedioic acid in the mixture will…
The aim of the experiment is to test an unknown substance with a variety of experimental methods, by doing this the identity of the substance will be known. The two types of different testing methods will be anions and cations. Cations are positively charged ions; this is because the atom looses an electron during a…
Abstraction 4-methylcyclohexanol was synthesized to 4-methylcyclohexene utilizing desiccation. 4-methylcyclohexanol was heated to reflux and the subsequent distillation ( 4-methylcyclohexe ) was collected. It was so purified utilizing Na chloride to divide merchandises and an anhydrous solid was so added and filtered. The resulting merchandise had a mass of 0.399 g and a percent output of…
Vaporization is a procedure where liquid is converted to vapor with the intent of dividing it from a dissolved solid or from a liquid that is higher in boiling point in experiments or probes on how to divide soluble solid in liquids ( Holland. 2005 ) . Vaporization technique was chosen for the experiment because…
Introduction: In this experiment, it is a redox titration method to standardize a solution of potassium manganate(VII) by an iron(II) salt (ammonium iron(II) sulphate). So, the word of redox is related to the oxidation and reduction. Oxidation numbers describe the number of electrons the atom will gain or lose during a reaction. Each atom in…
Introduction: Copper(II) iodate(V) ionizes weakly in water: Cu(IO3)2 + aq Cu2+(aq) + 2IO3-(aq) For a saturated solution of copper(II) iodate(V), concentration of IO3- ions doubles that of the Cu2+ (aq) ions, and Ksp of Cu(IO3)2(s) can be calculated by determining the concentration of Cu2+(aq) ion of a saturated Cu(IO3)2(aq). The e. m. f. of a…
By completing and testing this hypothesis our group believes that it will factor in the aim of increasing the voltage and current of our Daniell Cell. Hypothesis 2 According to the Standard Reduction Potentials for Half-Reactions table, our group hypothesises that by changing the half cells so that their E0 values are a greater distance…
Furagin: Forced Degradation Surveies Index Index of Figures Index of Tables Abstraction Keywords Abbreviations 1.Introduction 1.1.Forced debasement surveies 1.1.1. Overview of regulative counsel 1.1.2. Review of bing literature and different attacks 1.2.Furagin 1.2.1. Chemical and Physical Information 1.2.2. Pharmaceutical Information 1.2.3. Impurities 2.Aim of the Study 3.Method 3.1.Equipment and stuffs 3.1.1 Method AHPLC/AUPLC 3.1.2 Method…
To find the molarity of the unknown acid, first we had to create a standard solution, the solution we created was Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). We wanted a 0. 1 molar solution of sodium hydroxide so to get this we had to dissolve 4g of NaOH into 1000cm? of water, but we didn’t want 1000cm? we…
Primary standards, such as potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) (C8H5KO4), display unique characteristics such as high purity, maintain stability during storage within a long period of time whether in solid or liquid form, large molar mass as calculated to be 204 (RMM), low reactivity with the surrounding air, high stoichiometry and low hygroscopicity (property of absorbing…
The rate of reactions is how fast something changes from its reactants to its products. For a reactions to occur, the particles must strike with enough energy. At the start of the practical only some of the reactions will have enough energy to strike with each other and create energy for the reaction to happen….
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of temperature on the rate that enzymes work. The purpose was to determine whether increasing the temp made the enzymes more active, and if so, at what temperature does the activity start to decline. The experiment consisted of thirty test tubes, with 5 test tubes…
There are two ways that we could have consumed copper sulphate. Water pipes are responsible for transporting water, and some of them are made out of copper. Copper pipes can become rusted if there is high sulphate content in the water, basic copper sulphate is precipitated which can grow through the pipe wall creating pit…
Enzymes are large proteins that speed up chemical reaction. As globular protein, enzymes have a specific three-dimensional shape which is determined by their sequence of amino acids. Despite their large overall size, enzyme molecules only have a small region that is functional. This is known as enzyme’s active site. The substrate molecule is held within…
Heat energy is conducted from the hot end to the cold end. It is transferred from atom to atom. At the hot end the atoms are vibrating a lot. The vibration is gradually passed along to the other atoms as they collide into each other. This happens in all substances, but in a metal something…
Magnesium, due to its reactivity, has a very high potential energy, so the electrons travel from it to the copper, which has a very low potential energy due to its unreactivity. The difference in the potential is called the cell potential difference. If the difference of potential energy is large, then clearly the voltage produced…
An Investigation to See What Effects the Neutralisation of Acids by Antacids In this experiment I will be looking at what affects the rate of reaction in a chemical reaction between Hydrochloric acid and commercial antacids. I will be looking at one of the Rates of reaction, surface area, to see if a smaller surface…
To investigate and compare the relationships between the amounts of energy released from different alcohols in the alcohol series. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Alcohols are a series of organic homologous compounds with the general formula of C(n) H(2n+1) OH. They gain their properties, which are different to those of other compounds in the homologous series due to…
I am investigating the effect of the concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the speed of the reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. When these react together, sulphur is formed. A balanced chemical equation for the reaction is… Na2S2O3 + 2HCl –> S + 2NaCl + SO2 + H20 Apparatus Total of 10cm3 of distilled…
Introduction: The experiment taking place is between calcium carbonate [CaCO3] and hydrochloric acid [HCl]. Calcium carbonate, also known as marble, is a metamorphic rock. This is a rock that is formed over long periods of time under high temperature and pressure. It is also formed when carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide to produce calcium…
